Standardisation of Instruction. 347 



and topographic surveying as given in first class engineering 

 schools was considered absolutely essential for a forestry stu- 

 dent. The importance of a good foundation in surveying cannot 

 be over-estimated. The student in forestry should have in the 

 beginning the same v^ork in plane and topographic surveying as 

 a student in civil engineering. In addition, there should be 

 ample instruction in the use of rough methods of topographic 

 surveying. The course should provide not only for class work, 

 office work, and map drawing, but also for adequate field work. 



Technical Courses. 



It should be recognized at the start that there is a constantly 

 growing need for specialists in forest work of three distinct 

 types, namely, besides general practitioners : 



1. Foresters who have specialized chiefly along the lines of 

 either forest management, or forest planting, or forest valuation, 

 or similar technical problems, i. e. forestry proper. 



2. Forest engineers, who have specialized in engineering lines 

 and would be capable of organizing a logging job, laying out and 

 constructing all the necessary roads, building of flumes, construc- 

 tion of sawmills, etc. 



3. Forest technologists, who have specialized in one or more 

 lines of manufacture of products derived from wood, which in- 

 terest the general practitioner only incidentally, as for instance, 

 wood distillation, pulp industries, etc. 



To develop specialists along these three lines within four years 

 of college work is an impossibility. Different schools, in order to 

 meet the growing need for specialists, will eventually offer op- 

 portunities for advanced work along one or more of these lines. 

 It is possible that some school may reach the ideal and be able to 

 offer instruction in all of the three lines. At present, however, 

 the time has not yet come for such specialization, and the forest 

 schools must aim to give a well balanced general training in 

 forestry proper, perhaps with a little more emphasis on either 

 silvicultural work, or forest engineering, chiefly lumbering. Any 

 tendency, however, to increase the training along any of these 

 specialized lines within the four-year course must necessarily be 

 done at the expense of the other subjects, or else the number of 



