362 Forestry Quarterly. 



graphs and by describing the behavior of specific fires concerning 

 which the instructor may have adequate information. This in- 

 struction, however, should be supplemented by practical work in 

 the woods. Often it is impossible for the student to study fires 

 actually burning, but usually it is possible to make studies of 

 areas which have burned, and it is exceedingly valuable for the 

 student to work out in advance on a given area how a fire would 

 behave under given conditions of season, drought, atmosphere, 

 winds, and a fair start at a certain point. 



The damage by fires is very closely related to problems in silvi- 

 culture. The question of the resistance of different species to 

 fire, the rapidity of deterioration of injured trees, the injury to 

 the productiveness of the soil, the reduction of the rate of growth 

 of the stand, and the effect on reproduction are all silvical ques- 

 tions. It must remain with the instructor whether to introduce 

 these subjects under silvics or under protection. The instructor 

 should, however, bring out the relation between the injury and 

 the different classes of fires burning under different conditions. 

 The student should be trained to appreciate the fire hazard, that 

 is what the damage will be from fire on a given tract. 



Under the head of educational work may be discussed the 

 posting of the forest with fire notices, and the various means of 

 educating the public using a forest to an appreciation of the 

 danger of fire and the need of care in the use of fire in the forest. 

 A great many ingenious methods of publicity have been devised 

 by the Forest Service, State Foresters, and the fire protective 

 associations. 



Under the development of the forest for protection are in- 

 cluded the following: i. The reduction of inflammable material, 

 as the disposal of slash after logging and the gradual disposal of 

 dry tops and other material from old logging operations, windfall, 

 and the felling of dry snags; 2. The construction of roads, 

 bridges, trails, fire lines, ranger stations, lookout stations, tool 

 boxes, etc. Under equipment of the forest are comprised the 

 means of transportation, such as pack horses, teams, wagons for 

 transporting men and supplies in case of need, tents and other 

 equipment for the establishment of emergency camps, fire fight- 

 ing equipment needed under different conditions, portable tele- 

 phone sets, and miscellaneous other supplies. 



