Standardisation of Instruction. 367 



ment and their application to felled trees, the determination of the 

 contents of standing trees is considered. 



The next subject in the course is the determination of the 

 volume of stands. This subject also is taught both with refer- 

 ence to commercial timber estimating and the accurate determi- 

 nation of volume for special purposes, as the determination of 

 growth and the construction of yield tables. Ordinarily, the sub- 

 ject is taught early in the forestry course when it is somewhat 

 difficult to give successful training in commercial timber estimat- 

 ing. The students are then still becoming acquainted with the 

 trees, and their ideas of the uses of woods, and of the specifi- 

 cations required for different classes of products are still un- 

 formed. A thorough foundation may, however, be laid in the use 

 of methods of measurements, the use of averages, the application 

 of volume tables, etc. In the practical field work of the senior 

 year, extensive practice in commercial estimating should be given. 



Finally, in developing the method of determining the rate of 

 growth of trees and forests, it is not sufiicient to teach the 

 mechanics of making stem analyses, and preparing growth tables 

 in diameter, volume, etc., but the student must secure a thorough 

 grasp of the character of forest increment and to devise methods 

 of procedure for determining for a given stand the rate of growth 

 in volume, etc. 



The details of the various points covered in Forest Mensuration 

 are not here enumerated because they are now available in text 

 books written from the point of view of American conditions. 

 The results of forest mensuration furnish the basis for forest 

 management. 



Forest Management. 



Forest Management in its broadest sense includes a group of 

 subjects which deal with the quantitative and financial aspects of 

 forestry, and with business considerations. Forestry as a busi- 

 ness must conform to the principles which make for success in 

 any other business. This means securing the highest returns on 

 the investment, the most efficient organization and conduct of 

 operations and the regulation of the forest output so as to secure 

 a permanent and steady income. 



While the attainment of these results is dependent on know- 

 ledge of practically all conditions which affect forests, from the 



