Standardisation of Instruction. 383 



theoretical principles and methods essential to the expert engi- 

 neer, as the successful handling of most logging problems will not 

 require such an intensive engineering training. The rough 

 methods of transportation and construction adapted to conditions 

 which exist in the woods will not require, in most cases, elaborate 

 technical calculations of a line degree of accuracy. 



When such a course is not given the instructor must handle the 

 material as far as he can in the consideration of railroad logging, 

 flume construction, use of steam logging devices, etc. 



The course falls naturally into the following topics : Logging 

 methods and equipment — ^Manufacture of lumber — Sale of 

 lumber — Sale of timber on the stump and sales of timber land — 

 Problems of the industr}' — Minor industries. 



Without giving a detailed syllabus, the topic of Logging 

 ]\Iethods may cover the following ground : 



1. Preliminary work in organizing a logging operation. 



Cruise of property to determine: topography, outlet for log?, im- 

 provements required ; species, amount, and character of timber ; 

 best method of logging, etc. 



2. Problems of organizing logging operations. 



Labor, location and construction of camps, equipment of camps. 



3. Yarding. 



Felling and skidding, organization of work, tools, cost. 



4. Method of transporting logs. 



Different methods are discussed under the heads of equipment, in- 

 stallation, operation, cost, conditions when used, and comparison 

 to other methods. The methods include slides, flumes, river 

 driving, railroads, carts, wagons, sleds, and steam devices of 

 various types, 



5. Special problems in different regions to show different methods 

 used with the object of developing the principles imderlying choice 

 of methods. In this discussion emphasis may be laid on small as 

 well as larger operations. The small operation is destined to play 

 in the future, an increasingly important role. 



Under the Manufacture of Lumber, consideration is given to 

 the different types of mills together with the main features of 

 their equipment. The details of the machinery may be largely 

 left until the student is doing his field work at a sawmill. 



There would then be discussed the principles underlying the 

 choice of the type of mill and extent of equipment ; location rela- 

 tive to the source of supply of logs and the market ; problems of 

 organization and operation ; preparation of lumber for the market, 

 including planing and seasoning. 



The Sale of Lumber would cover: grades and grading. 



