384 Forestry Quarterly. 



methods of sale, markets and requirements of each, prices, trans- 

 portation of lumber. 



The question of the Sale of Timber on the stump must be fully 

 covered in a course in lumbering. Especially there are involved 

 the questions of the determination of stumpage values ; the con- 

 duct of a timber sale transaction from the time of first negotiation 

 until the final contract ; administration of timber sales. This sub- 

 ject is very close to the valuation and the purchase or sale of 

 forest land, which should be included either in the course of 

 lumbering or elsewhere in the curriculum. 



The Problems of the Industry cover timber bonds, insurance, 

 statistics of the industr}', associations, price lists, etc. 



Under ]Minor Industries (if not discussed under Wood Tech- 

 nology') may be considered the problems connected with the pro- 

 duction of lath, shingles, cooperage, veneer, box boards, vehicle 

 stock, spool stock, excelsior, dowel pins and similar stock, tan 

 bark, wood pulp, turpentine, maple sugar, charcoal, etc. In 

 general there should be discussed under each head the species 

 used, manner of extraction and manufacture, specifications of 

 forest material, sources of supply markets, relation to forestry, 

 etc. 



Field Work. The field work should include a complete analy- 

 tical study of a logging operation. Every phase of the operation 

 is considered on the ground and the student must be required to 

 understand all steps in the organization and equipment of the 

 enterprise, the improvements made, methods and cost of operat- 

 ing, etc., but there must be a clear grasp of the reasons for every 

 step and the conditions requiring all actions taken. He must be 

 in search not only of facts but of principles so that when he en- 

 counters other conditions he will know how the methods will have 

 to vary. With such a foundation, the student may then be re- 

 quired to make a complete plan of logging for a given unit, or to 

 do work which will be the full equivalent of such a task. 



Field work in lumbering should include practice in commercial 

 estimating of standing timber on a large scale ; determination of 

 stumpage values ; and valuation of lands ; projection and survey- 

 ing of logging spurs (or corresponding work) ; and commercial 

 scaling. Ordinarily most of this work may be combined with the 

 final field work of silviculture, or mensuration, or management. 



