Standardisation of Instruction. 385 



In practical work in lumber manufacture the student works in 

 different parts of a mill until he knows its parts thoroughly. He 

 should follow logs through the mill as a basis for his training in 

 scaling. He should be given practice grading boards until he has 

 mastered the principles of grading the lumber produced at that 

 mill. The same class of analytical study is extended to the plan- 

 ing mill, to the yard, and dry kiln. He should be given problems 

 touching the location, equipment, and establishment of mill plants. 

 Somewhere in the course the student should have an opportunity 

 to work at a small sawmill and to study the problems of logging 

 connected with their operation. 



Construction Engineering. Under Lumbering it was explained 

 that a preliminary course in certain phases of engineering is very 

 desirable. There is a further field of construction engineering 

 which concerns the improvements on a forest for protection and 

 administration. This comprises first the projection and construc- 

 tion of roads and trails. In some cases it may be desired to 

 handle logging roads under lumbering. It is usually preferred 

 to discuss the engineering features of road building in a separate 

 course. It is the design to teach only such matter as is neces- 

 sary for the forester to know. This means the construction of the 

 ordinary gravel road, and the trail adapted to travel by pack train. 

 In some part of the course practical field practice should be given 

 in laying out roads and trails and estimating their cost. If pos- 

 sible they should have the opportunity to study trails under actual 

 construction. 



There are other classes of improvements required on a forest. 

 These include construction of bridges, cabins, barns, fences, 

 domestic water development, telephone lines, signal stations, etc. 

 The method of giving instruction to prepare for such work has 

 been a problem so far unsolved. Of course the best way is to 

 show the student the work of construction actually under way. 

 When this is not possible the instructor must confine himself to 

 the principles which underly all such construction work. 



It will have become apparent from this discussion of the con- 

 tents and the methods of this instruction that very few schools 

 will be able to give such a full course, especially the practical part 

 of it. This suggests that the few in position to do so might admit 

 students from other institutions to attend such a course as post- 



