Periodical Literature. 537 



For clearing the larger areas of dead thickets for replanting, 

 fire seems to offer the cheapest method. The smaller areas of 

 dead trees cannot be attended to at all. Pine stands must be cared 

 for first. Spruce and White Pine should be used for this purpose 

 despite the fact that they suffered so severely the past season. 



In general a temporary reduction of the felling budget must be 

 made in order to maintain the stqck in the face of the losses in 

 stock and increment and to avoid further increase in the area to 

 be planted. 



Wirkungen der Hitse und Durre ini Sommer 1911 in Grossh. Hesse. 

 Oberforster Langen. Silva. Jan., 1912. Pp. 1-2, 9-10. 



Forest trees are not infrequently struck by 

 Damage lightning. The results of a stroke vary all 



by the way form a scarcely preceptible cleft in 



Lightning. the bark following a non-explosive dis- 



charge to the breaking of the bole to splin- 

 ters by a heavy stroke. More rarely still the tree is set on fire. 



The injury done trees by the quiet discharge has been the sub- 

 ject of considerable discussion in the past. Also differences have 

 heretofore been noted in the effects of the ordinary stroke on trees 

 and these differences explained as due to variations in the trees 

 as regards the soil on which they stand. But the discharge itself 

 seems to vary as the following account by Joseph indicates. On 

 a July afternoon in 1910 during a thunderstorm lightning struck 

 two pine trees in the same stand and only eighty rods apart. The 

 immediate effects were well marked and exactly the same on the 

 two trees. Both remained apparently unhurt until the following 

 spring. Then the bark loosened around the base of both boles 

 and before the end of summer the tops were dead and dry. In the 

 case of one tree this was the entire loss. The other tree was 

 killed likewise, but not alone, for by the end of August 191 1 fifty 

 other trees standing about it within a radius of two and a half to 

 three rods were also dead and dry. Similar examples of lightn- 

 ing killing a whole group of trees by striking one have been 

 reported before but the two phenomena have never been observed 

 so nearly at the same time and place before. The assumption 

 that there are two kinds of lightning strokes seems irresistible. 



Blitzschlage im Kieferuwald. Silva. Jan., 1912. Pp. 27. 



