540 Forestry Quarterly. 



MENSURATION, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT. 



Several of the German forest administra- 



New tions are at present in the throes of a 



Forest thorough revision of their antiquated forest 



Organisation. organizations. Thus the Bavarian adminis- 



tration is now revising its organization 

 which has served for 80 years. We have briefed a longer article 

 on the new propositions in Vol. IX, p. 327 ff. The same subject 

 based upon the official instructions, laid down in a pamphlet of 54 

 pages and 32 schedules, is so clearly discussed again in the 

 Schzveiserische Zeitschrift that we repeat a few of the interesting 

 points. 



The objects of forest organization are very precisely stated to 

 be: "to furnish a clear comprehensive picture of the entire eco- 

 nomic conditions of the units of management; from these actual 

 facts and the objects which the forest is to serve to deduce the 

 aim of the management ; to develop principles of management and 

 to determine the felling budget ; to formulate working plans for 

 the next short period ; to make sure of the carrying out of the 

 prescriptions and demonstrate the effect of the management." 



The subdivision starts with the stand (not below 2.5 acres), 

 uniform in species, age and condition, as unit combined into 

 "divisions", these combined into "districts" and finally into man- 

 agement classes (Betriebsverband), usually the forests of one 

 "circle" (Kreis), for which a special working plan is made. 



Careful ascertainment of conditions, including records of past 

 history is prescribed in detail. In the age class determination a 

 reduction is to be made if it can be shown that unfavorable in- 

 fluences and damage has retarded the development of the stand. 

 This does not influence the budget calculation since the average 

 increment based on age is considered only as a check and second- 

 ary determinant. In selection forest the average age not only is 

 to be estimated but also the age limits. A participation of the 

 different age classes by area (as proposed by Mr. Chapman in 

 this issue) is suggested. 



For high forest a stock map, showing not only age-class dis- 

 tribution but species, form of stand, site, quality and stock density 

 is required. 



Average height or mere estimate is used in determining site 



