Periodical Literature. 551 



range 12,000, 6,800 and 156,000 acres respectively, a much bet- 

 ter proportion than the districts. 



Ahhough the felHng budget had been placed at over 7,000 

 million cubic feet, only slightly less than one-third of this amount 

 was sold ; the remainder seems to have been left in the hands of 

 the government (or was it not cut, or the proceeds pocketed by 

 someone else?). In some districts an overcut is reported. Be- 

 sides, some $2.8 million worth of bark and dry wood was dis- 

 posed of, and $50,000 came from byproducts. Altogether, the 

 total income was $33 million, the bulk in European Russia, the 

 expenditure of $10 million leaves net ^2^ million. The highest 

 net yield is recorded from Poland with $350 per acre, but nega- 

 tive results are reported from other districts. 



Forest fires are reported on 700,000 acres causing a damage of 

 $820,000, while the loss by insect damage, floods, winds, etc., is 

 placed at $78,000. 



Some 63 commissions with a crew of over 500 estimators and 

 surveyors are at work gathering material for working plans. 

 Some 20 million acres have their investigation completed and for 

 3 million acres a budget regulation exists. 



Regeneration has been for a long time unsuccessful, natural 

 methods failed and for planting there was no money. The plant- 

 ing tax imposed on wood buyers, $4 per acre, was either insuffi- 

 cient or else not used for the purpose, over 5 million acres of 

 slash and openings await reforestation in Europe alone. Now the 

 State collects the tax and appropriates definite sums ; for 1909 the 

 appropriation for planting and improvements was $800,000. 



There is now only one higher grade forest institute at St. 

 Petersburg with 576 students in 1909, 178 graduating. The ex- 

 penses for this school are $96,000, of which $20,000 come from 

 the institute itself. 



For lower forest schools, there is remarkable provision, namely 

 97 schools with an expenditure of $112,000, where in 1910, there 

 were 690 attending, 596 being educated free or partially so at 

 State's expense. 



vSomething is being done to assist private forest owners by 

 money prizes and medals for plantations and distributing seed 

 and plant material partly free, partly at reduced prices. The 

 conservation commissions have also been active ; their activity has 



