Forestry in German Colonics. 639 



enterprise, for which an amortization of at least 10% must be 

 calculated. After pointing to the experiences in Bosnia, and 

 bringing in various arguments, the author concludes that 10 years 

 would be the lowest and 30 years the highest time limit, for which 

 to grant timber licenses. 



In Java, where since 1864 such licenses have been in vogue, the 

 time limit varies between 10 and 75 years, the latter, however, 

 only for concessions which contemplate change into agricultural 

 use and colonization. 



To impose any cultural work on the timber limit holders the 

 author considers impractical, since all personal interest is excluded 

 in such work, and therefore it will be poorly done. Such work, 

 if necessary, should be done by the forest administration. Such 

 cultural work may become necessary to check the tendency of the 

 natural regeneration in increasing the number of species and 

 especially the less desirable ones. As to what can be expected 

 from planting is exemplified by citing the dimensions of 3-year 

 planted Kola trees, namely 25 feet in height and 6 to 8 inch in 

 diameter. 



From other parts of the very interesting and throughout sane 

 discussion by Jentsch we can afford to note only here and there 

 points of interest: Fire does not seem to be troublesome; no 

 forest destroyed by fire was seen. Elephants are destructive; 

 apes pull out plants ; but these are only annoying, hardly notice- 

 able damages. Insects, especially borers, are not infrequent. 



River transportation is not promising without much outlay; 

 only the natives bringing one or a few logs tied together with 

 lianas at a time can do it cheaply. Most of the valuable species 

 do not float. Land logging is impracticable so far in the absence 

 of roads and animals, (Tsetse fly danger!), and the difficult topo- 

 graphy. Railroads are, therefore, the main reliance, permanent 

 and moveable in combination. 



Whether a railroad could develop as much as 6 miles on each 

 side, as first supposed by the author, has become doubtful on 

 account of the cut up topography, and half that distance seems 

 more likely the limit. 



The waste per cent, in logging with which the operator will 

 have to figure, the author places at 66 to 75, even 80%, based on 

 various calculations. This should be reduced by turning it into 



