Forestry in German Colonies. 643 



remain in Usambara, Kilimandscharo and Meru, in the Uguru 

 mountains, and Ulugurn, and west of Victoria Lake. 



Another type of hygrophytic forest is found under the in- 

 fluence of the fogs, in the alpine locations at 3500 to 10,000 

 feet, also evergreen but of different species and smaller sizes. 



The river forests, following the rivers in the plains as with 

 us, and the mangrove forests at the seashore add little of 

 value. Only the rain — and fogforest furnishes the basis for a 

 wood-trade. 



The mountain forests of Usambara and Pare are estimated 

 to contain, besides 85,000 acres Alpine forest, 50,000 acres of 

 cedar (Jimiperus procera), 75,000 acres of Podocarpus usambar- 

 ensis, 1000 acres of mixed broadleaf forest, in which only Chloro- 

 phora excelsa (Morac of Meoule, the African "oak") furnishes 

 at present commercial timber, in addition to the two mentioned 

 conifers, and Khaya senegalensis, a mahogany. 



Other giant trees are Piptadenia huchananii, (Legum.) and 

 P. hildehrandtii, Albizzia fastigiata (Legum.) Parinarium goet- 

 zenianum (Rosac.) Chrysophyllum nisolo (Sapot.), Sizygium 

 guineense (Myrt.) 



In the Uluguru mountains the valleys are filled with rainforests 

 up to 7000 feet elevation. Here, besides Podocarpus, Stearoden- 

 dron, Ocotea (usambarensis) , Serindeia (obtusifoliata) , Chrys- 

 ophyllum (ulugurense) are the leading species. 



In the district of Kilimandscharo and Meru, some 300,000 

 acres of such rainforest is found, with Juniperus, Podocarpus 

 and Chlorophora the leading species, besides an unknown. Ash- 

 like tree (Ljondo). 



The forest department of East Africa was, after several expert 

 reports, organized in 1904, under a German forester, Eckert, who 

 had gained experience in Java. The country was districted into 

 6, later 7 districts; a protective service was organized. Sys- 

 tematic reforestation, especially at sources of streams ; control of 

 utilization ; a real forest management on some of the crownlands — 

 this was the program. 



All forests, not yet in private hands (about 50,000 acres), were 

 declared fiscal forests (about 3.5 million acres) and placed under 

 control of the forest department (i million acres organized), 



