7o8 Forestry Quarterly. 



of heading, valued at $482,370; and 35,779 thousand hoops valued 

 at $272,615; a total of $1,465,702 for the industry. It is esti- 

 mated that this industry uses over 60 million feet, board measure, 

 of logs. 



Of the staves 50 per cent, were of elm, 30 per cent, of spruce, 

 and 6 per cent, of poplar. The use of elm is decreasing (exhaus- 

 tion in Ontario), that of spruce increasing. Elm staves averaged 

 $7.60, and spruce $5.66, per thousand. 



Of the heading manufactured, one-third was of poplar, one- 

 quarter of spruce, and one-eighth of elm. The average price, 

 per thousand sets, was $56.73, $53.04, and $51.26, respectively. 



For hoops, elm formed over 75 per cent., spruce 12 per cent., 

 and birch 9 per cent., with average prices of $7.99, $6.76, and 

 $6.00, per thousand. 



The slack cooperage industry is largely carried on in Ontario 

 and Nova Scotia, the former using about two-thirds and the latter 

 about one-quarter of the total quantity. New Brunswick ranks 

 third, while the industry is practically undeveloped in British 

 Columbia and Quebec. 



The above figures do not include those of the nail-keg industry, 

 for which a separate table is given. In this industry a total of 

 13,883 thousand staves, 577 thousand sets of heading and 989 

 thousand hoops was used, with a total value of $61,029. Spruce 

 was most largely used for staves and heading, while all the hoops 

 were of elm. 



Tight Cooperage. — This industry necessarily amounts to very 

 little in Canada owing to the scarcity of white oak. Most of the 

 oak staves are manufactured from imported logs. Less than 5 

 million staves were reported, and 828 thousand heading sets. 



J. H. W. 



Turtle Mountain Forest Reserve. By R. L. Campbell. Bulle- 

 tin 32, Forestry Branch. Ottawa, Canada. 1912. Pp. 20. 



The Turtle Mountain Reserve, established in 1895, comprises 

 nearly 70,000 acres situated along the international boundary in 

 southwestern Manitoba. This bulletin contains an account of its 

 natural features and resources. The reserve has been devastated 

 by fire, over ninety per cent, having been burned over within the 



