Periodical Literature. 



725 



docked by elephants. One elephant can carry a log weighing as 

 much as 1,200 pounds. The average animal weighs about 6^ 

 tons and is valued at $5,000. On account of the excessive heat 

 they are worked only 3 hours a day. — Lumber Review. 



On the basis of a report of the Turk- 



Forests ish Ministry of Mines and Forests re- 



of specting the forests of Turkey, the 



Turkey. condition may be briefly described as 



follows : 



The total wooded area of the whole Turkish empire is estimated 

 at 21,745,300 acres. Of these, 88.03% belong to the State, 1.23% 

 are in mortmain, 1.66% belong to the Communes, 6.13% to 

 private individuals and the ownership of 2.96% is uncertain. 



Of the area under forest, the following percentages are covered 

 by these species. 



Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 



1.30 Alder, 



1. 2 1 Lime, 



1. 14 Box, 



1. 14 Birch, 



0.97 Gall-Oak, 



0.83 Elecampane 



0.79 Cypress, 



0.73 

 073 

 0.58 

 0.38 

 0.18 

 0.12 

 0.12 



As is shown, nearly nine-tenths of the forest belong to the 

 State, which, however, turns it to little account, and even allows 

 the herdsmen to burn it down, while the peasants and woodcut- 

 ters destroy the trees in a ruthless manner. A State Forestry 

 Department is practically non-existent. There is only a depart- 

 ment of the Ministry, and scarcely any foresters or rangers are 

 to be found in the woods. There is also no sign of any improve- 

 ment in the matter. 



According to the Annuaire Oriental 32e Annee, 19 12, pp. 

 79-81, there are: Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture (Tid- 

 jaret ve Ziraat Nezareti), General Direction of Forests (I Gen- 

 eral Director, 3 General Controllers) ; Ministry of Finances 

 (Malie Nezareti), General Direction of Domains; Ministry of 



