Periodical Literature. 739 



influence on increment and on soil and condition of stand is des- 

 cribed. The removal of the litter was done in various ways in 

 different plots, leaving some untouched, some robbed annually, 

 more or less thoroughly, some every two, four and six years. 



In pine, the conclusion is reached that the annual thorough 

 robbing of the litter influences increment greatly, especially on 

 III and IV siteclass, even on good soil and in old timber a 

 loss of from 5 to 12.5 percent being noted; in stands on good to 

 medium soil, partially robbed, no influence was noted, nor in 

 stands robbed every six years. 



As regards the influence on the soil (in pine) a beneficial in- 

 fluence was noted in the absence of raw humus formation on the 

 slightly raked soils. On the four-and six-year areas a vigorous 

 regeneration takes place, due to the destruction of the raw humus. 

 Intensive robbing, however, leads to compacting of soil and heath- 

 er growth. 



In spruce, on good sites no influence on increment, but on poor 

 soils, especially shallow ones and in younger ageclasses (40-60 

 years) a very rapid and considerable decline in increment is ex- 

 perienced, a loss of about 35 per cent, in cross-section area incre- 

 ment compared with that on unraked areas. The raking uncovers 

 the shallow roots ; the raking gives rise to moss formation, which 

 vanishes when left unraked under the needle litter. 



For beech, in all cases, even on better soils a detrimental in- 

 fluence on increment results, but the six-year areas seem to stand 

 at the limit of the dangerline, for while on the areas, robbed yearly, 

 the loss is 25 to 50 per cent; on two-year areas, 15 to 40 per 

 cent; on four-year areas 10 to 30 per cent; on six-year areas, on 

 good sites no loss, on poor sites up to 10 per cent loss is found. 



The influence on soil is very noticeable, especially on the poorer 

 sites, where a dense moss cover and even grass growth is the 

 result; stagheadedness is the further consequence-and the opening 

 up of the stand by individuals. 



But the volunteer reproduction is here also favored by the re- 

 mioval of the soilcover, as is to be expected. 



Ueber den EinUuss der Streuentnahme. Zeitschrift fiir Forst-und 

 Jagdwesen. September, 1912. Pp. 538-558. 



