112 The Horse-breeding Indnstri/ in VorlsJiire. 



From the strong element of thoroughbred l^lood in its composi- 

 tion the Coach Horse derives plenty of qnality, while breeders 

 have succeeded in breeding it with a good deal of action; some 

 coaching horses, indeed, being very fine all-round movers. 

 These features, together with its size, which ranges from 

 16 hands upwards, its good length of body, the well-set-on 

 and well-shaped neck, the long, elegant, and level quarters, 

 the sweeping top-line, and its commanding appearance, con- 

 stitute its salient points. In its general aspect, the breed 

 exemplifies the big carriage-horse type, such as is considered 

 correct for the horsing of barouches, landaus, and State carriages. 

 Its colour, like that of the Cleveland Bay, is exclusively bay of 

 varying shades, and both these varieties breed perfectly true 

 to colour. In the modernised or quality type of Cleveland, 

 the same general characteristics are found as in the Coach Horse, 

 but the former generally has — or at any rate is supposed to have — 

 more substance, and is thicker set and heavier of build, this being 

 the principal point of difference between the two. The best 

 and most important points about the more old-fashioned, rustic 

 stamp of Cleveland Bay, as exemplified for instance in the 

 stallions Pitch and Toss and Radium, or in a lesser degree in 

 Mr. Elders' mare. Lady Stainthorpe, are its strong bone and 

 massive substance, and it is largely, if not mainly, on account 

 of its possessing these points that this old type is so valual)le, and 

 that its preservation, as far as modern requirements will allow, 

 is to be strongly urged. There is, however, no gainsaying the 

 fact that Clevelands with more quality and action, or in other 

 words, with more style about them, are most saleable, and it is 

 this type, too, which is mainly favoured in the show-ring. 



A foreign demand for Clevelands and Coach Horses has 

 existed ever since the early years of last century. About the 

 thirties and forties, stallions of these breeds were imported into 

 the German Duchy of Oldenburg, and there helped to found 

 the well-known Oldenburg coach horse breed, which has now 

 so largely ousted the Yorkshire breeds in the United States, 

 where it goes under the name of the North German Coach Horse. 

 Cleveland and Coaching blood was also originally infused into 

 the Hanoverian horses, another of the leading Continental light 

 horse breeds ; while the Dutch used this blood very freely in 

 building up their breed of harness horses, which in receitt 

 times has furnished a large proportion of the foreign carriage 

 horses imported into this country. A considerable number of 

 stallions and many a mare used in former times to go into 

 Holland from Yorkshire. The export trade reached its fullest 

 development during the years of the American Cleveland boom, 

 when some of the best-stallions went to the States. Subsequently 

 it fell off- The demand from abi'oad is now principally for 



