July 22, 1876. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTUBE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



77 



the very moderate and peculiar rent of ten loads of hay and 



£10 per annum. However, the Bishop reserved to self and 

 successors the right of walking there and of gathering yearly 

 ten bushels of Koses, if they could find them. A memoiy of 

 this worthy and his estate lingers in Hatton Garden, with 

 hardly a solitary tree left of all those that shaded its walks. 

 Fijjs also were counted amongst London produce. They " grew 

 well near the Bridewell," writes one : this name applied to a 

 district between Blackfriars and the Temple, arising from an 

 actual well that joined its waters to those of the Fleet. The 

 fruit ripened well in the Bolls Garden, Chancery Lane, says 

 the same authority ; and Fig- Tree Court in the Temple tells 

 us of a tree of this sort. 



The fertility of the gardens in Loudon City was enhanced by 

 the numerous streams intersecting the land in various directions 

 and running finally into the Thames. Some, like the Fleet, 

 were of magnitude, allowing of the transit of vessels of size ; 

 others so despicable as to be worthy of no appellation save 

 that of ditch, Houndeditch for example. Langbourne, yet a 

 London ward, reminds us of the long bourne or brook that rose 

 in Fenchurch Street and divided into small streams near St. 

 Mary Woolnoth, and giving name to Sharborne Lane from 

 these shares or little rills. Turnmill Brook, or the " River of 

 the Wells," at Smithfield was another noted stream, and the 

 Walbrook, thought to have been known to the Romans. — 

 J. E. S. C. 



NOTES ON VILLA and SUBURBAN GARDENING. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Fob forty-eight honrs it has rained incessantly, and after 

 about six hours tolerably fine weather it rained again for twelve 

 hours more. This constant rain has done considerable harm to 

 the soft kinds of fruit, such as late Strawberries, Raspberries, 

 and Carrants, especially the best of the Black. The Currants 

 especially suffered, all the best being knocked off the trees by 

 the rain and wind in such quantities as to considerably lessen 

 the crops. Cherries,' too, of the Bigarrean kinds on standard 

 trees have been battered about so much, and have cracked so 

 much through the wet, that most of them are not worth the 

 trouble of gathering. Apples where they have set much too 

 thick have been well thinned by the rough weather; even now 

 in the most exposed orchards about here there is a good crop 

 of all kinds left, and which will now swell very fast after the 

 soaking rains. 



On the other hand, the rain has made a most material dif- 

 ference in the appearance of all sorts of vegetables, which if fine 

 weather now set in will be most beneficial in all respects. It 

 jnst suits Scarlet Runners and Dwarf Beans, as well as Cauli- 

 flowers, and especially Turnips, which it sown at the time I 

 advised will now be starting free and well. Celery, too, hf^s 

 received a most material assistance through the rains, and like 

 most other crops in the kitchen garden will do without watering 

 for some time. Attention must now be turned to keeping the 

 ground clear of weeds among all crops. This work should com- 

 mence immediately after the weather has become settled dry 

 for a day or two, because then the small weeds will have less 

 chance of recovering again. 



Begin to earth-up the main crops of Celery, which will help to 

 keep the moisture in the ground about their roots, and add 

 more earth to the forward rows. Take care in applying it to 

 separate each plant and keep them well pressed together, so as 

 not to be interfered with by the earth in the hearts. 



Spring-sown Onions are growing very fast, and will after the 

 heavy rains ba inclined to make a good deal of top or foliage, 

 perhaps more than is needed for a good-sized bulb, therefore I 

 usually lay them down. It is done with a short pole, and will 

 be found to check their growth advantageously. When the 

 bulbs have more increased in size the tops may he further 

 flattened, for they are sure to rise up again. This will assist 

 thern both in size and ripening-off. Autumn-sown Onions will 

 be ripening-off now, and should be laid down at once — that is, 

 the Giant Eocca and Globe Tripoli, but the White Italian 

 TripoK has been ripe some time and ought to be taken out of 

 the ground after this wet. 



Plant-out; both Endive of sorts and Lettuces in good quantities 

 on early Potato ground, and there could not be a better chance 

 to plant-out all kinds of Savoys and Greens, as well as Sprouts 

 of sorts, such as the Brussels and Albert Sprouts. Jerusalem 

 Artichokes are making too much growth, therefore if the tips of 

 the shoots are not pinched off they will go up 10 feet high or 

 more in rich soil, and that is not the way to obtain fine tubers. 



Sow another crop of French Beans. This may be a large one 

 so as to afford a few for pickling, and should be of some early 

 Bort, such as the D warf Negro or Early Six- weeks. This sowing 

 is best made on a south border or some other equally early spot. 

 There is likely to be some good late crops of Kidney Beans. 

 Peas have not so far yielded well with me this season ; but 



the taller-growing sorts, such as the Emperor of the Marrows 

 and Giant Emerald Marrow, promise more abundantly. Sow a 

 crop of Spinach, say a few rows of the prickly kind. By sowing 

 now there will be an excellent gathering through the autumn, 

 and in about three weeks make another sowing to stand the 

 winter, and if necessary the other may be left to do the same. 



Cabbages must be thought about, and at the end of the month a 

 crop may be sown, and again in another fortnight. The first may 

 be Cattell's Reliance, and the other Early York and Wheeler's 

 Imperial, or Cocoa Nut. The first sowing may be planted 2 feet 

 apart when large enough, and then the next sowing may be 

 planted between them. This will afford the chance of taking- 

 out the first lot for use during winter, leaving the others tiU 

 the spring, or if not wanted they may be cut early in the spring. 

 This is a means of making the most of the ground in small 

 gardens, which must be a plan worth studying at all times, and, 

 moreover, it is worth carrying out in every crop where it can 

 cenveniently be done. — Thomas Record. 



DOINGS OF THE LAST AND WORK FOR THE 

 PRESENT WEEK. 



KITCHEN GABDEN. 



The weather has been so unfavourable for out-of-door opera- 

 tions that there is but little for us to chronicle. Fortunately 

 nearly all the small fruits have been gathered for preserving 

 purposes, and all the rain that has fallen as yet will do good in 

 the garden. A wet season is always the best for us, as the greatest 

 rainfall during the last twelve years was but little over 28 inahes 

 during the whole year. So far we have not had more than the 

 average quantity, but it has come at a time when we have 

 usually had to do much watering out of doors by hand. The 

 weeds will now grow apace, but when the rains are over the 

 walks will be hand-picked, and all the borders and quarters 

 hoed. Potatoes are turning out well. The variety called Veitoh's 

 Prolific Ashleaf is an enormous cropper and a second early 

 kidney of fine quality. For a first early kidney we grew Myatt'a 

 Ashleaf (the tubers were kindly sent by " D., Deal), but after 

 growing on the same ground and under very similar conditions 

 for three years they degenerated, and none were saved for plant- 

 ing last year. It has not been found so easy to replace them, 

 as the trade seem to grow a different variety for Myatt's, and 

 one very similar to the Prolific Ashleaf. Certainly this early 

 variety sent by " D., Deal," was the best first eaily we ever 

 grew. 



Broad Beans are not grown extensively anywhere now, but 

 most persons like to have one or two diehes every year, and it is 

 just as well to grow the best sorts for cooking. We have a 

 superior type of the Windsor, and it is certainly the best Bean 

 for cooking, as the skin is not at aU tough. The true type has 

 seldom more than two Beans in a pod, and it a large proportion 

 of pods produce three the stock is said to be " running away." 

 For exhibition purposes the Seville Longpod — a new sort intro- 

 duced last year— is the best. It may also be as good or better 

 than the Windsor for cooking purposes ; if so it will be a valu- 

 able acquisition. It is said to be a tender variety, which may 

 not be in its favour in cold districts ; it is also doubtful if it will 

 ripen in this country so as to produce seeds without the plant 

 degenerating. At all events the best seeds will be those that 

 are grown in Spain or Portugal and imported into this country. 



Peas are producing abundantly ; we have had none of what is 

 called " dry- weather " Peas this year. All salads and green 

 crops generally have been of good quality and abundant. A 

 plentiful season is not always the best for the market gardener ; 

 in a season like this the produce does not fetch enough in the 

 market to pay the expenses of taking it there. Peas have been 

 known to be sold at Is. 6d. a sack, and the cost of picking is-6(Z. 

 a bushel. 



During this wet weather it would be well to throw some 

 guano, salt, or other fertilisers over Asparagus, Artichoke, and 

 Seakale beds. Avoid throwing it over the leaves as much as 

 possible; if the manure is washed off immediately the leaves 

 will not be injured, but if it should cease raining and the guauo 

 be left on the leaves they will be injured. 



PINERIES. 



Before we again write under this heading the suckers will be 

 potted, and will remain in 7-inch pots all through the winter 

 and be repotted into fruiting pots in spring. They will not bear 

 fruit until the following season from the 1st of June onwards. 

 If good suckers are potted early in June, or, better still, in May, 

 they can be grown-on rapidly, shifted into 10 or 11-inch pots in 

 July according to the strength of the plants, and under good 

 management these will throw up good fruit the following season. 

 It is not convenient for us to do them in that way, as the beds 

 cannot be ready in time for the succession plants. We always 

 use fresh tan for the young suckers, as the pit is required for 

 other purposes, and has to be cleared out of all plunging material 

 for the greater part of the year. 



The suckers are potted in good clayey loam as soon as they 

 are removed from the plants, but they are not watered for a week 



