July 22, 1875. J 



JOUBNAL OF HORTICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



8.? 



BxsTATia.— Black or Brown Iieds.~~l and 2, W. F. EntTCisle. 3, E. Newbitt, 

 Epworth. c, J. Horner. i>iM:fcK'(r({7s or Pi/(?,i.— 1 and 2. W. F. Entwisle. Black 

 or While. -2 and S, H. Beldon, Itc, Wells & Sberwin; R. H. Ashton. Any 

 other variety ~U A. & W. H. Silvester. 2, W. Ricbiirdaon. 



Game Bantams.— Cocfc.—l, E. Newbitt. 2, E. Jcniiinga. 3 and he, W. F. 

 EntwiHle. 



Ducks.— ilow^n or Aylesbury.— \, H. Beldon. 2, J. R. Pollard. 3. G. Marshall. 

 he, W. Mitchell : B. Parkinson. Any other varicty.^l and 2, A. & W. H. Sil 

 Tester. 3, W. Binns. Pudsey. /ic, T. M. (redney. 



Any OTHER Vabiett.—I and 2, H. Beldon. 3, Mias Kirk. ;ic, J. Homer, c, 

 A. 4 W. H. Silvester ; L. Dyson ; T. M. Gedney. 



Chickens —1, C. Carr. 2, U. Beldon. 3, E. Holland, he. C. Goodson. 



CmcitENB.-J, H. Digby. 2. J. Smith. 3, W. F. Entwisle. e, W. Riley ; E. 

 Gill. 



Sellino Class.— I, J. Powell. 2. Wells & Sherwin. 3, J. Tkreah. c, A. 4 W. 

 H, Silvester ; Popplewell Bros, ; W. F. Entwisle. 

 PIGEONS. 



Caeriehs.— 1, H. Yardley, Birmingham. 2, E. Mawson. 3, W. Harvey, he, 

 Mrs. Cooper; Miss Seanor. 



PouTEBS.— Extra l.W. Harvey. 2, J.E. Crofts. 3, J. Hairslne. he, Miss Seanor ; 

 J. Hairaine: W. Harvey. 



TBUitpETEBS.— 1, 2, and 3, W. Harvey, he, J. F. Liversidge. 



Tdmbleks —Shorf /iiccrf.—l, H. Yardley. 2. A. & W. H. Silvester. 3, J. E. 

 Crofts, he, T. Horsman ; S. Lawson ; E. Mawson ; J. Grimehaw, c, C. R. 

 Moore. 



Barbs.— 1, E. Mawson. 2, H. Yardley. 3, J. Thresh, he, C. Wroot; W. 

 Harvey (2). c. J. & W. Harding. 



Owls.- EH(7f/s/i,— 2. Miss Seanor. 3. J. Thresh, he, J. W. Stansfleld (2) : 

 "Ward & Rhodes ; Coekett & Sunderland ; H. Jennings ; Mias Seanor ; W. Ellis ; 

 J. Orimshaw. r. S. Lawson: W. Ellis. 



Draooons.- Extralandi-, R.Woods. 2. W. Ellis, li'ic, Ward i- Rhodes ; Wells 

 and Sherwin : G. Binns. he. Ward & Rhodes: R.Woods (2): H. Jennings (2). 



JiCoBi.vs —1. T. Holt. 2, W. Harvey. 3, G. Richardson, he, W. Harvey : T. 

 Holt (2): G. Richardson (2); J. E. Crofts. 



Fantails.— 1, J. Walker. 2 and 3, J. F. Liveraidge. he, Miss Seanor; J. 

 Walker ; T. S. Stephenson. 



BAI.DS or Beards.- Loiii7-/iii;e(i.— 2, Miss Seanor. 3, W. Ellis, vhc, A. & W. 

 H. Silvester; Miss Seanor. lu-, S. Lawson; W. EUis. Any variety.— 1 and 2, 

 W. ElUs. he, W. Todd (2). e, D. Watson. 



TuRBiTS.— 1, Miss Seanor. 2, J. E. Crofts. 3, H. Yardloy. vhe, T. S. 

 Stephenson, he, A. & W. H. Silvester. 



Mac.pies or Nons.— E.\tra I, 2, and 8, Miss Seanor. rhe, W. Tedd. c, G. S. 

 Burton ; J. E. Crofts. 



Anv other Varietv.- I,T. s. Stephenson. 2, Miss Seanor. 3, A. & W. H. 

 Silvester. Extra 3, Rev. J. E. Hughes. t>/ic. Miss Seanor (i): A. Simpson, he, 

 J. 4 W. Hardinu : WeUs & Sherwin ; G. S. Burton ; J. E. Crofts, e, Rev. J. E. 

 Hughes (2); Wella 4 Sherwin; W. Tedd (2) : Miss Seanor. 



ANTWERPs.—Xon£/./(irf(/.— Extra 1, W. Elhs. 2 and 3, H. Jennings, vhe, W. 

 F. Fntwisle. he, ,1. Lister; H. Jennings. Short-faeed.—l, W. F. Entwiale 

 2. Miss Seamr. 3, W. Harvey, he, M. Patcbett; W. F. Entwisle (2). c, .T. 

 Lia'er. Mediujitficed —i, 3. B-cAden. 2, W. Kaye. S.H.Jennings. vhe.K. 

 Within, he. N. Becba ; J. Barnes; J. Holden ; J. Crossland; H. Jennings (21; 

 W, Laycock; W. F. Entwisle. e, W. G. Cross. Ami variety.— Hen.—l, W. F. 

 Entivisle. 2, J. Lister. 3, W.Ellis, ulw, W. Harvey, flc, Cockett & Sunderland ; 

 H. Jennings (2) ; W. Ellis, e, E. Mawson. 



Likeliest Bird for Flying Purposes.— 1, W. Kington. 2, W. Machell. 3, E. 

 Dickinson, he, 3. Lister; Cockett & Sunderland: Miss Seanor; W. Ellis (8) ; 

 W. Sutcliffe. c, T. Shacklcton. 



Selling Class.— Si71<7(c Birrf.— I, J. E. Crofts. 2, W. Harvey. 3, Boult and 

 Stiiirmand. he. Miss Seanor ; W. Ellis (2). 



Selling Class.— Pair.— 1, S. Lawson. 2, C. Wroot. 3. W. F. Entwisle. he, 

 T. E. Hainsworth; E. Mawson; Misa Seanor; W. Ellis; J. E. Crofts, c, J. 

 and W. Harding. 



RABBITS. 



Lop-eared. — Sc//.cofo«r^rf, all properties -1, T. Schofield. 2, Mrs. H. 

 Pickworth. 8. J. M. Mander. he, T. Myton. Broken-coloured, all properties — 

 Extra 1, A. Aikinson. 2, Mra. H. Pickworth. 3, A. Kobaon. vltc, '£. bchvQeld. 

 he. J. M. Mander. 



Silver-Grev.- Extra 1, J. Firth. 2, Misa Mortimer. 8. T. Schofield. he, B. 

 Greaves; Miss Cautley. c, H. Swetnam ; Found 4 Chappell. 



Angora.— land 3. H. Swetman. 2, A. Atkinson. /iC.M. Firth ; J. White- R. H. 

 Swain ; A. Berry ; S. Varlev; S. Buckley, c, A. Sharp. 



Dctch— 1,K. Donkin. 2, Mra. H. Pickworth. 3, B. Greaves. c,C.G. Mason; 

 T. Myton ; E. Donkin (2). 



Himalayan. -Extra 1, T. P. Pearaon. 2, C. G. Mason : S. BaU. 3. S. Buckley. 

 vhc, A. Atkinson ; J. Gelder. he, J. G. Meadowcroft ; J, D. Eames ; H. Swet- 

 man ; G. S. Burton, c, R. Mnreatroyd ; J. Gelder. 



Any other Variety.- 1 and 2. B. Greaves. 3, T. Schofield. 



Selling Class.— I, T.Myton. 2, G. Atkinson. 3. W. White, he, S. L. Firth ; 

 T. Schofield; T. My ton. c, J. Chaffer (21; H. E. Gilbert. 

 CAGE BIRDS. 



NoEWlcn.— 1. Brown & Gayton. 2 and S, R. J. Pope, vhe, 3, Bcxaon. he, S. 

 Hainsworth ; J. Horn, c, J. Horn. 



Yobeshire. -Extra 1, J. Hainsworth. 3, vlic, and e. J- Horn. he. J. Stevens. 



Belgia.\.— 1 and 2, J. Horn. 3 and he, E. Holland. uhe,H. Davies ; Mrs. W T 

 Simonds. 



MuLE.-l, J. Horn. 2, J. Stevens. 3, J. Moore, he, .1. Stevens; J. Horn. 

 c, J. Bexson. 



Parrot or Cockatoo —1. A. Hardaker. 2, W. Maxwell. 3, J. Aakey. c W 

 Clege; Miss Cautley; W. Stubby; J. Have. 



British Bird —1 and 3, K. Pearson 2". J. Horn. he. J. Stevens. 



AnvotherVariety.-I, J. Bexson. 2, J.Horn. 3 and )ie, Misa Cautley. vlic, 

 J. W. Topham. 



Selling Class. -1. H. Davies. 2, J. Bexson. 3, J- Horn, he, S. Hainsworth ; 

 K. Pearson, e, t:. Holland. 



Judges.— Mr. W. Cannan and Mr. E. Hutton. 



GOATS. 



I EEJTEMBEE reacling some time since a paragraph from Lady 

 Eurdett Coutts on the use to which Goats might be pat to 

 Bupply families with milk. Now I should like to try the ex- 

 periment, but I am utterly unused to their habits. I will thank 

 you to give me the information as to what quantity of milk 

 they give, how long they go with young, and how long a time 

 the milk supply is continued ? Also if there are various breeds 

 in the country, and if so, which would be the most suitable for 

 my purpose, and how to feed them ?— E. Gkeen. 



[Goats usually give about one pint of milk at each milking, 

 but the quantity varies very much according to the food they 

 have, their size and age. The milk is too rich to drink by itself, 

 and ought to have a portion of water mixed with it. The con- 

 tinuance of the milk supply also varies the same aa in cows. 

 They will feed oa any rough kind of herbage, hay, carrots, 



mangold wurtzel, cabbage stumps, grass, etc., but the better the 

 food the better the health of the goat, and better the milk. 

 Cheese of fine quality may be made if required. They are 

 rather mischievous, barking young trees and eating young- 

 shrubs. There are many varieties. The Angola having long 

 hair, but for ordinary keeping the hardiest and best are the 

 Welsh and Irish ; their cost full grown about 30s. to £2. The 

 better plan is to buy kids and rear them with gentlene ss and 

 care, as old goats are apt to be spiteful if brought up badly. — 

 H, W.] 



FEEDING BEES— SWARMING. 



" .\ swarm of bees in July 

 Is hardly worth a fly." 



Perhaps it is unknown by whom and when these words were 

 first uttered. Though no enlightened apiarian will endorse them, 

 most of us will admit that they have a force and meaning when 

 they re-appear in a year of famine amongst Ijoes like the present 

 one. In this neighbourhood the June swarms are famishing 

 for want of food, and would soon die if not fed by their owners. 

 Here the season is uncommonly unfavourable for bees. The 

 wind is from the north-west; weather cold and boisterous; 

 and no honey in the flowers. The month of May was favour- 

 able for bees ; March, April, June, and July, so far as it has 

 gone, have been unusually unpropitious for honey-gatherers. 

 Bee-keeping, like the marriage engagement, is " for better and 

 for worse," and therefore the apiarians of this district, if the 

 weather do not speedily change, will do well to prepare theiv 

 minds for a year of loss and disappointment. Farmers abstain 

 from cutting their hay, and poor market gardeners have to wit. 

 ness their strawberries rotting on the ground at the present time. 



Bees need a great deal of food in summer for themselves and 

 their brood, to say nothing of comb-building. It might be an 

 expensive experiment to find out how much food— honey or 

 syrup— ten strong hives require every day; but in the end it 

 would be a profitable study, furnishing the mind with facta 

 touching the consumption of food in hives— the amount abso- 

 lutely necessary for the health and prosperity of them, which 

 facts would correct our meagre and inadequate notions of the 

 great industry of the honey bees in seasons of plenty. We have 

 so many swarms to feed that we are just keeping them alive, 

 and it takes about 14 lbs. of sugar daily to do this. This scant 

 treatment is bad policy, which should not be followed or copied 

 by others ; but we have been expecting a change in the weather 

 for weeks. The bee-master who feeds his bees, especially hi;} 

 swarms, most generously in such weather, will have the best 

 stocks and realise the most profits in the end. 



If the weather is and has been as unfavourable in the south 

 of England as it is here, the prospect of having a good show of 

 honey at the Crystal Palace is not very encouraging and re- 

 assuring. How the bees in Scotland have done this year I 

 have not heard. If the weather become fine in August much 

 honey will doubtless be gathered and supers filled on the moors. 



But to return to the value of July swarms, one of which 

 came across the fields and settled on a hedge beside three farm 

 labourers at work, distance from here a mile and a half. One 

 of them came to see if I would buy it of them. A cab was 

 hailed, and seated beside the driver we found the men and the 

 swarm, a pretty large one. They were asked what they wanted 

 for it. " We will leave the price to you, master; we have all 

 a share in it." I gave them 7s. Gd. for it, placed the hived 

 swarm beside the cabman, and in less than five minutes we 

 were on our return journey as pleased with the bargain as the 

 labourers. Last year some July swarms rose in weight to 

 upwards of 80 lbs. in Aberdeenshire; some rose to above KJO lbs., 

 but this is unusual. In most seasons and districts of England 

 swarming should be disallowed and prevented about the end of 

 June, but no hard-and-fast line should be drawn. 



This year we have two hives that were so weakened last 

 winter by the loss of bees that they never approached the 

 swarming point till the end of the first week in this month. 

 They weighed about GO lbs. each. Should they be swarmed or 

 supered, or have 20 lbs. of honey taken from each of them ? 

 The swarming mode of treatment has been adopted, but as the 

 weather has since been unfavourable either of the other modes 

 would have been better. At the end of three weeks from the 

 day of swarming the bees will be driven out of the old stocks, 

 and if the weather then be unfavourable for honey-gathering 

 they wiU be united to the first swarms. The honey will be 

 taken from the old hives, probably about 50 lbs. from both, and 

 the swarms prepared for stocks. 



For years we and many other extensive bee-keepers have 

 bought in September the bees of condemned hives at abont 

 Is. per lb., or say 3s. or 4s. per swarm. Mr. Thomas Addey of 

 Epworth told me that he had sold and sent off three hundred 

 swarms of condemned bees one autumn. These were bought 

 with a view to strengthen with numbers existing stocks. 

 Swarms of bees even under the sentsnce of condemnation in 

 the month of September are marketable and of greater valua 

 than most apiarians imagine. 



