32G 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



{ October 7, 1875. 



apart in the rows, IiaTing no beds or alleys, bat planting on a slightly raised 

 ridge. 



PBEPARisr, Allotment Ground (FI. C. J?.1.— We should bring np about 

 8 inches of the soil deeper tlan it has been stirred before; or take out a 

 trench 10 inches deep and 2 feet wide at one end, and taking out the loose 

 soil, then loosen the bottom of the trench another ppade depth if you can- 

 in fact, diqgicg it, and upon this turn the nest trench, and before throwing 

 np the " shovellings " apply the manure and cover it with tlie shovelUngs; 

 this being done iu November you will have nothing to do but plant io spring, 

 forking over the ground as the work proceeds. We have seen the plan pro- 

 posed to be pursued by your tenant practised with a very satisfactory result, 

 but not baming the weeds unless they are couch grass or others of a perennial 

 hind, and then it is necessary; but the weeds being of an annual kind, to 

 bum them is to waste the fertilit-ing property they possess when dug into the 

 Boil and there decayed. Phospho guauo at the rate of 2 to 3 cwt. per acre 

 would at the time of planting be a suitable dressing for Potatoes. 



Fruit Trees for NoRTH-NORTn-EAsr Wall (A Constant Suhsci'iber). — 

 The wall is about as bad as a full north-aspected one, and would be useless 

 for such Pears as Marie Louise, Williams's Bon Chn'-tifn, and Coe's Golden 

 Drop Plum. .Targinelle Pear would do, aud Pond's Seedliug, White Magnum 

 Bonum, Wai^hington, and Winesour Plums, with May Duko and Morello 

 Cherries, the latter being very prolific. Information as to the be^t fruit trees 

 lor a north aspect is much wanted, and we should be obliged for particulars 

 of experience. 



Brown Turkey Fio for South Wall (F. M. S.).— This and the Bruns- 

 wick are the two very b^st Fips for outdoor culture. the Brunswick not being 

 so free-bearing ag the Brown Turkey, but is abetter grower. You may safely 

 have the one which has been grown at the back of a vinery, but we should 

 not advise you to plant it until spring (March), or if you plant this autumn 

 afford a protection over the roots, and cover the branches with two or three 

 thicknepsea of mats. Add some well-rotten manure to the soil, looseuing it 

 to a depth o[ 2 feet, the width being the great objection, but we have seen 

 them do remarkably well in a similar position. 



Roses for South Wall (IJcih). — We should have Mari'chal Niel prefer- 

 ably to Gloire de Dijon, and Perle de Lyon to Climbing Devoniensis, though 

 those you name will answer well. The border should have some strong loam 

 added to it and be liberally manured. 



Grass Terraces (J. P. of York). — We consider your plan much the h£st, 

 and should not hesitate to adopt it, as with the three terraces you will be 

 able so to arrange matters as to have the outer wall a sunk one, or, better still, 

 dispense with the wall altogether, having neither of the walls shnwn in your 

 second plan but the wire fence, increasing the width for its position to half 

 that of the width of one of the teirace.s from the bottom of the slope. The 

 slopes should have a base twice that of the heii^'ht, aud the terraces should 

 not be less in width than double the width of the incline of the slopes. If 

 you object to the wire fence plant a Yew hedge 4 feet from it on the terrace 

 side, or the sunk fence would rid you of any objection to the wall being out- 

 side. 



Greenhouse Geraniums for Spring-flowering {Rodn/'y Stohie). — Cat 

 them back now, and when they have made shoots an inch long turn them out 

 of the pots and remove most of the old soil, shorteninc any straggling roots, 

 and repot in the same size pot, shifting into larger in March. 



IxiAS (Idfin). — Pot them now five or six bulbs in a 6-inch pot in a compost 

 of turfy loam two parts, and one part each leaf siil and sandy peaN with a 

 half part of silver eand, making the soil firm about the bulbs, and covering 

 about an inch deep. Stand the pots in a cold frame or pit plunged in ashes, 

 and do not water until the plants appear, and then very moderately, increas- 

 ing the supply with the growth, and protect in severe weather with mats or 

 other covering; and in February remove to the shelves or other light airy 

 position in a greenhouse, keeping them well supplied with water. 



Azaleas after Flowering (IfJcm). — Place them in a house with a brisk 

 moist heat, repottin? if required, aud keep therein until tbe growth is com- 

 plete. They should be sprinkled with water overhead two or three times 

 a-day, and after the buds are set remove them to a cool airy house, shading 

 from bright sun up to October, or the shade of climbers will be sufficient. 



Madresfield Court Grape Cracking {Philip Barker). — Iu a badly ven- 

 tilated atmosphere, and when tbe watering has been neglected, the border 

 dry in the early stages of the swelling, the berries of Ibis kind are liable to 

 crack ; but under good treatment it is one of the very best Grapes. In your 

 case we think the insuflacient thinning of the berries the cause of the berries 

 craskiag. Gros Colman is a thicker-skinned sort, and is not so susceptible 

 of injury by moisture upon its surface as Madre&lield Court. 



Fruit Tree for West End of House (.-f. F. K< iv man). —The Breda 

 Apricot would no doubt succeed, but the fruit, though abundant, is small, but 

 excellent for preserving. Transparent Gage, the best of all Plums, which 

 ripens early in September, or Coe's Golden Drop ripening at the end, would 

 also be suitable. 



PYRAMID Fruit Trees for Garden (<4 Would-be Amaffur).~-The ioUovi- 

 ing is a list of kinds that succeed in a cold, high, exposed, and wet district, 

 and would no doubt suit you. Pearn : Doyenne d'Ete, Jar^^onelle, Williams's 

 Bon Chretien, Beurre d'Amanlis, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Cotnte de Lamy, 

 Jersey Gratioli, Thompson's, *Marie Louise, -Beurrt'. Diel, and 'Bergamot 

 Esperen. Dessert Apples: Devonshire Quarrenden, Kerry Pippin, Margaret, 

 Downton Pippin, Red Astrachan, [Summer Pearmain, Whorle, Besspoo), 

 Cockle Pippin. Keddleston Pippin, Konpareil, Scarlet Nonpareil. Stnrmer 

 Pippin, and Sjkehouse Russet. KHch^n Apples: Keswick Codlin, Lord 

 SuflBeld, Nonsuch, Emperor Alexander, Cos's Pomona, M-"re de Menage, 

 Tower of Glamis, Blenheim Pippin, Bedfordshire Foundling, Dumelow's Seed- 

 ling, Warner's King, and Northern Greening. Plums : De Montfort, Oullins' 

 Golden Gage, Green Gage, Kirke's Transparent Gace, Coe's Golden Drop. 

 Kitchen Plums : Early Rivers, Victoria, Orleans, White ^lagnum Bonum, 

 and Pond's Seedling. Probably we have mistaken your requirements, and 

 you do not wish for pyramids, but trained trees for the wooden rails and 

 walls. Those named will answer for either purpose, and we may just hint 

 that the wooden rails would, having a west aspect, suit the kitchen Plums, 

 dessert Apples, also Pears; the south aspect the desfett Plums; and tbe 

 stone wall, that having an east aspect, the Pears marked with an asterisk, 

 and you may add to those so distinguished G< m ral Todtleben, Van Mons 

 Lt^on Leclerc, Benrre Bachelier, Winter Nelis, and Josephine de Malines. 

 Moat of the Apples we should grow as pyramids along the sides of the walks. 

 Outdoor Vines (F. J). — The thoots 18 inches apart should have been 

 allowed to make six leaves and then been stopped, the laterals stopped at one 

 leaf. This is what we presume yoa have done, and these shoots should be 



cutback to within two eyes of their base. The leading shoot need not be 

 stopped unt'l it reach the top of the wall, and then take out its points, and 

 cut this back no more than to remove any unripened part, training it in in 

 the serpentiae form its full length. The laterals to be cut-in close to the 

 cane. 



Night Son. (Idem). — You may apply it fresh, placing it rather thinly 

 around eich Rose, a spadeful being quite sufficient for each plant, dis- 

 posed in a circle a foot from the stem, and covering about 2 inches deep 

 with soil. 



Perennials for Bedding (A. M. O.). — We know of none attaining the 

 same height and flowering at the same time as Gerauiunn. Any of our 

 correspondents having experience of any good hardy perennials for bedding 

 purposes would oblige us by furnishing the information. 



Treatment of Souvenir de la Malmaison and La Eelle Carnations 

 (Id^m). — They are climbmg kinds, and require to have the shoots trained 

 around columns or half-balloon trellis, to ^e grown in a greenhouse from the 

 end of September to June, and then outdoors, potting iu June, if for winter 

 flowering, after cutting out any long bare shoots. A compost of turfy loam, 

 with a fourth old cow dung and a like proportion of old mortar rubbish, with 

 good drainage, will grow them well. If to flower in winter a temperature of 

 45' to 50^ from fire heat in necessary. Outdoors they should have an open 

 situation, but sheltered from winds and be duly wa'iered. 



Tulips and Crocus for Pot Culture (Drake). — TnlipftSingle varie- 

 ties: Belle Alliance, Bride of Haarlem, Canary Bird, Ctirysolora, Due Van 

 Thol in variety (the best for forcing), Keysera Kroon, Pottebakker, red-striped, 

 white, and yellow vars.; Proserpine, Rosa Mundi, Thomas Moore, Vermilion 

 Brilliant, and Yellow Prince. Double Tulips: Due Van Thol, fine forcing; 

 Imperator rubrorum, Murillo, Princess Alexandra, Tournesol, and Toumesol 

 Yellow. Crocus: Albion, Bride of Abydos, Garibaldi, Golden Yellow, La 

 Majesteuse, Mont Blanc, Othello, Su: John Franklin, and Sir Walter Scott. 



Blue Pimpernel (hUm).— The blue Pimpernel (Auagallis crernlea) is less 

 common than the red (A. arvensis), but is not by any means rare. 



Deodar Cedar Producing Cones (Q. C. S.).— It is not unusual, but they 

 do not usually perfect seeds. 



Roses for East Wall { ).— Gloire de Dijon, Mar.'chal Niel, Sombrenil, 



all Tea-scented, and Noisette Celine Forestier, Earl of Eldon, and Solfaterre. 

 If you want reds, Alfred Culomb and Charles Lefebvre, which are Perpetnals; 

 or whites, Boule de Neige and Perle des Blanches of the same class. 



Stopping Decay in Elm Trek (E.).— Clean out the hole thoroughly, re- 

 moving from it any accumulation of decayed substance, and run into the hole, 

 after filling it with broken bricks, omitting the small particles, Roman cement 

 brought to the consistency of thick whitewash with water, and allow it to 

 dry, then add more cement in a mnrtar condition, and bring up level with the 

 hark of the tree. This will exclude wet and prevent further decay ; but we 

 have still the thickness of the bark wanting, and that fill with a pigment 

 formed of equal parts of clay, cow dung, and cocoa-nut fibre, bringing it over 

 the sides of the live bark, and make the surface smooth as in grafting. This 

 renewed every three months, and seen to occasionally that it do not crack and 

 fall oft, will encourage the bark to grow in that direction, aud not unlikely 

 you may cover the hole with live bark. Anyhow, if you only exclude the wet 

 and air from acting on the decayed part your tree will live for many years. 



Manetti Stock for Roses— 'Maiden" (Jd^m). — Manetti stock is a free- 

 growing kind of Rose known by that name, and largely employed instead of 

 the Briar as a stock for grafting and budding Roses on. " Maiden " is a tree 

 a year old or a year's growth from the bud or graft, aad which has not beeu 

 cut-back or " headed.'' 



Evergreen Screen {ldem).~Tho American Arbor Vitae is very suitable, 

 aud moves quite safely when of large size. You may obtain plants of nearly 

 the height you require, and taken up with good balls and carefully planted 

 would grow well. Cupressus Lawsoniona is a superior plant, but Thujopsis 

 borealis is hardier and equally fine. Coraican Pine, which is, however, not a 

 good transplanter, grows quickly, and planted two or three lines deep is an 

 effective screen. The quickest-growing screen (but it is not evergreen) is 

 Lombardy Poplar. 



Potatoes in the North of England (6f. B.).— Potatoes are now selling 

 at Cd. per stone of 1411)3 in the markets of Ulverston, North Lancashire; 

 Whitehaven, Cumberland ; and Kendal, Westmoreland. The sorts most 

 used there ar?, we believe, Skerries and Flukes. So far they have been a fine 

 well-grown crop ; but as many are still in the ground in these counties it is 

 quite possible that the heavy rains of the latter end of September may 

 operate prejudicially on the later kinds. During the past month the markets 

 at the places named have been largely supplied, and the prices have been as 

 low as -id. per stone. 4s. per cwt. may be taken as the medium prices for 

 good tubers. 



Peaches as Espaliers (S. B., Hafifs).— Early York Peach and Lord 

 Napier Nectarine are equally worth a trial in your garden as espaliers. 



Management of Lawn {B. E. L.).—Yon may miw jour lawn regularly 

 until November, and then roll it weekly nntU March, when it wiU be necessary 

 to resume cutting. 



Postal (Q. S., Kif/imon*^).— The Journal of Horticulture can b-;; delivered 

 to you by post direct from the office by mid-day en the day of publication. 



Fruits for Naming {T. G.).— They must be packed io a box cr basket, be 

 sent by rail or carrier, caniage paiJ, aud not more than six varieties. 



Names of Fruits (Dr. Mark, uzie). —Bla-ck Alicante. (S.l— Bergamotte 

 Esperen. {Horjg cf- iroo-/),— rrbaniste. (IF. M. B.).— All the Apples are 

 correctly named except Ci>x*s Orange Pippin, and the sort you have under 

 that name is not it, nor can we distinguish it. iE.S.H.).—l, Braddick's Non- 

 pareil; 9, Summer Pearmain ; 3, Adams's Pearmain; 4, Brooks's ; 5, Golden 

 Noble; (J, Calebasse Grosse. (.Y. A'.).— 1, Marrchal de Cour; 2, Beurrc 

 Bachelier; 4, French Codlin; 5, Fair Maid of Taunton. (Dr. Wallace).— 



1, Norfolk Stone Pippin; 2, Golden Reinette; S, Stnrmer Pippin; 4, Beurrt 

 Diel; 5, Nut known ; 6, Lemon Pippin. [J. Conn e II ).— I, Vihile Doyenne; 



2, Amandine de Rouen; 3, St. Ghislain; 4, CeUini. (S. fl.).— We cannot 

 name Plums with certainty without a portion of the young wood. It does 

 not seem to he of any great merit. (Scybov}.—l, Beurn- d'Amanlis; 2, Swan a 

 Egg. (ir.Joftn.fOTi).— A-ars: 2,Urbanist6; 8, Autumn Bergamot; 4.Bishop's 

 Thumb. Apple.* : 1, Gravenstein ; 2, Winter Greening ; 3, CellinL (J. J. 

 Lorey).—!, Mortchal de Cour; 3, Beurrc d'Amanlis; 4, Williams's Bon 

 CliK'tion; G, Comte de Fiaodres; 11, Beurrt- d'Amanlis; 12, Souvenir du 

 Congr<s; 13,Forelle; 14, Benrre de Capiaumont; 15, Louise Bonne; 20, Glou 

 Mortjeau ; 25, King of Pippins ; 28, Monks Codlin ; 29, Sturmer Pippin ; 



