October 14, 1876. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



349 



and have 8 feet of side li'phtF, and all made to open ; the roof should have an 

 angle of 45'^. Bf neath every rafter, which ought not to ho nearer than 4 feet, 

 have four wires fixeii 6 inches apart, and 15 inches from the ^'Iftsi^, and in 

 addition we phonid ha-ve arches over the pathway at the same distance apart 

 as tbe rafters, aod the hack wall wired — the wires (» inches apart, and not 

 more than three-quarters of an inch from the wall. In the hordor all around 

 plant dwarfs, alrernatinf; with low Btandards, or hotter all dwarfs, trainioR 

 them na pyraraids. The central bed will hold three rows of plants— a cwntral 

 one of BtaiKlardfl, and two of dwwrfs trained as bushes or pyramids. It will 

 be desirable to have the house heated with two rowa of 4-inch pities in an 

 open flue in the pathway, with ,an iron (grating as a covering. Thi-i will 

 enable ynn to forward the plants, and to prevent iujury from severe weather, 

 but keeping the houpe cool and dry after September and up to the middle of 

 January, giving' plenty of air, for which you need to make provision at the 

 npper part of ihe roof, having a light to open the whole length, and 2 feet 

 6 inches in width. The kin (Is we advise are, for the rafttrs, Tea-ncented : 

 Belle Lyonnaise, Catherire Mermet. Climbing Devoniensjs, Gloire de Dijim, 

 Madame C< cile Berthod, Moi^ame Hippolyte-Jamain, Madame Levet, Tour 

 Bertrand. Helvetia, Annie Oliiver, Cheshunt Hybrid, Marcehn Boda, and 

 Perle de Lyon. Noisette for the same purpose: Marie Accary, Claire Caroot, 

 Coquette de Blanches, Lanoarqiie, Miss Gray, Ophirie, and Solfaterro. The 

 back wall we should cover with Marechal Niel. For the arches or pil'ars : Isle 

 de Bourbon, Emotion, 01 ire de Ropamene. and Horacp. Perprtuals : Alfred 

 Colomb, AugnsteNewmanu, Baronne de Btmstettin, Baronne Louise Uskull, 

 Boule de Neige, Edward Morren, La France, Madame Liabaud, Charles 

 Lefebvre, Princess Beatrice. Souvenir de Julie Gonnd, Th"mas Methveu, aud 

 SuBanua Wood. Chiiia: Ducher. Crsmoisie Supi-rieure, and Clara Sylvaiu. 

 Dwarf, Tta:-;centcd : Alba rosea. Duche^^s of Edinburgh, Devoniensia, 

 Gonbanlt, Tauue d'Or, Ma*?ame Bravy, Madame Julea Margotliu, Marie 

 Sisley, NarciR<:e, Od'^>rata, Smith's Yellow, Safrano, Roiubreuil, and Triomphe 

 de Guillot Fils. Chira : Mrs. Bosanquet, Crline Forestier, Margarita, aud 

 Keve d'Or. Perpetual: Captain Christy, W. Wilson Saunders, Reynolds 

 Hole, Claude Levet, Bassie Johnson, Antoioe Verdier, Baroness Ruthschitd, 

 Prince Curaille Beruar^iin. Ceniifolia rosea, Clemence Raonx, Dr. Andry, 

 Fran<;r>is Michelon. Louise Peyronoy, Madame Crapelet, Madame de Ridder, 

 Madarao Marie Ciroclde. Marquis de Castellane. Maurice Bernardin, Pierre 

 Netting. Thyra Hammerick, Xhorin, and William Jesse. 



LmtTM WALLiOHrANCM AND LONGiFLORnM [W. U. C.).— Lilinm Wallich- 

 ianum is a sub-species of L- longiflorurn. but is much superior to it. The 

 nnrserymen are quite justified in describing it in their cataloijues as a dis- 

 tinct Lilv. L. longiflorurn proper is a native of Cbina and Japan, while 

 L. Wallichianum is a native of the Himalayas of Nepaul. It grows from 

 4 to 6 feet high, while tbe true longiflorurn has a stem of from 1 to 2 feet, 

 noi are the flowers in the typic.l species so large as they are in the other. 

 About the same number are produced on one stem — namely, from one to 

 two, but frequently the flowers are solitary. 



PREaERVTNG Bf.rgakot Esperen Pear {J. r.).— Yon either kept the 

 fruit in a room that was too dry. or gathered it too soon. The cellar would 

 be a more suitable place. The best way is to lay the fruit out carefully on 

 shelves. It is no advantage to wrap it in paper or to cover it with cut hay. 



Seakale Growing and Forcing (5ub.'!crrt)''r).—Seakale may be increased 

 by Beed or from cuttings of the roots. The seed, Urst breakiug the huhks, 

 may be sown in rich soil in April, in drills 18 inches apart, the plants to be 

 thinned-out to a font distant iu the rows. Some of these f-irm good crowns 

 the first season, aod all are in fine condition for forcins the second season. 

 Cuttings of the roots should be made in lengths of 6 inches, cutting the 

 bottom of each in a tapering form, the top portion being cut straight across. 

 These if made now and buried in light soil will form eyes by the spring, and 

 the cuttings can then be p'aoted to mature the crowns, thinning the eyes to 

 one on eacb ciitting. For forcicg, the roots must be taken up and closely 

 plaiitcd in foil placed on some fermenting material, as leaves or tan, and the 

 top growth nniKt be made in a perfectly dark place. Tbe heat should range 

 from 55° to 65'^. If the pUnts are required to be forced under pots in the 

 open garden, the seeds or roots should be placed in clumps, having three or 

 four crowns in each clump, th'^se clumps to be 3 feet distant from each other. 

 The summer culture of the plants is limited to constant hoeiuRs and copious 

 supplies of water, and removing the flower heads as they come into bloom, 

 preserving all the leaves on the etems. The soil must be deeply trenched 

 and heavily manured. 



Grapes Scalded (R. H. JTl.— Your Vines have been kept too close, and 

 especially air has not been given sufficitntly early in the morning. The 

 Vines also appear to lack vignur. Remove the surface soil from the border 

 and replace with loam and bones, and surface with rich manure. This with 

 judicious ventilation will improve your Vines another year. 



Cost op Labour (E. B. 7'.>.— We have no means of assisting you in your 

 first question. Yonr second shall have attention next week. 



Peaches on Open Standard Tree ill. W.). — It is not uncommon for 

 the double-blnsflomed Peach tree to bear fruit, but we have not before found 

 the fruit so highly flavoured as are those jou have sent. 



VARiorrs {J. Snrprji/.— The plant you refer to is the variegated Pear- 

 shaped Gourd, not at all uncommon, ana which may be had of any seedsman. 

 The Red Antwerp Raspberry is a sweet one, and for the other Prince nf 

 Wales. A good outdoor Grape for a wall is Early White Malvasia if jou wish 

 a white one, and MilUr's Burgundy if a black one. 



Names of Fruits [Convnught SuhscTiher). — Apples : 1, Court-Penda-Plat ; 

 3, not known. Pears: 1, Marechal deCour; 2, Achan ; 3, Beori'- Capiaumnnt. 

 (J. B.).— I, Transparent C"<ilio, a good old English kind; 2, Ganges ; 3, Nor- 

 folk Stone Pippin; 4. Button Square, an old and valuable Lauca^-hire 

 variety. {E. D. C.t. — Craffpi^us coccinea. (JJf. E. W.]. — Fondante d'Antomne. 

 (C SJarsdeni.~It is very hke Crasanne, but we are doubtful as to its being 

 80. We will examine it and reply in next number. {T. W., Ridivg). — Pear, 

 BeurreRarcp; Apple, Brlneewood Pippin. The Plum was so brui?ed we 

 could not distineuish it. Plums for identification should always be accom- 

 panied by the young wood and leaves. (S. W. S.). — 1, Beurre Diel ; 2, Winter 

 Nehs. (F. W. Pine^. — 1, Susette de Bavay; 2, Red Doyenne; 3, Louise 

 Bonne of Jersey; 4. Yon have tent three distinct sorts under this number. 

 One is Autumn Bergaraot, one Vineuse, and one Rt^d Doyenfei'. Apples: 

 1,' Golden ReiLCtte; 2, Ribston Pippin; 3, Golden Russet. (R. L. J.).~ 

 1, BeuTn- Diel; 2 and 4, Vji'rBr of Wiukfield: 3, Uvedale's St. Germain; 5 is 

 malformed, but looks like Broucham; 6. White Doyenne We cannot make 

 out the others, they are so Bmall snecimfna. Tbe best work with coloured 

 plates of Pears is Mr. Van Houtte's of Ghent. It is called Van Hontte's 

 "Pomona." [Far North).~\, Red Autumn Calville; 2, Boston Ruwpet; 3, 

 Jolly Beggar; 4 and 5, not known; 6, Red Doyenne, (L. S.J.— 1, Cobham ; 



2, Lewis* Incomparable; 3. Ribston Pippin ; 4, Cox'a Orange Pippin ; 5, White 

 Astrachan ; 6, Tower of Glamrais. (J. Fairweaiher). — 2, Bouvier Eourg- 

 meester ; 3, Beurrt- d'Amanlis ; 4, Doy6un<- Boussoch ; 5, Emile d'Hevst ; 

 G, Beurn- d'AIenron; 7, Wiuter Nelis ; 8, Passe Colmar. (Chaa. T. Ball].— 

 1, Herefordshire Pearmain ; 2, Biggs' Nonesuch; 3, Lodge more Nonpareil; 

 4, Coe's Gnldeu Drop; 5, Pearson's Plate; G, Keswick Codlin. The seedling 

 is new to us. and is no doubt a good early cooking Apple. The Alternantheraa 

 were all shrivelled. (W. E. K ). — Pears: 1, Beurrr Benoit ; 2, Posse Colmar; 



3. Beurr6 Diel. Jpplcs : 1, Cellini ; 4, Aromatic Russet ; 5, Sturmer Pippin. 

 {Kast Dene). — 2, Fondante de Noel; 8, Beurre Sterckmans; 4, Duchesse 

 d'Angoultme ; 5, Thompson's; 7, Marie Louise; 8, Easter Beurre; 10, Gloa 

 Morgeau. (Somerset). — 1, Flemish Beauty; 2, Baronne de MeUo ; 3, not 

 known ; 4, Doyenni' du Cornice ; 5, not known ; 6, Jean de Witte. (G. H.). — 

 8, Nonesuch ; 4, Br addick's Nonpareil; 5, Cobham; 6, Court Pendu-Plat; 

 7, Autumn Pearmain ; H, Reinette du Canada ; 11, Mire de Menage ; 12, Pile's 

 Russet. 



Na?.iks OF Plants (Felix).— The berried plant is Solanum Capi^icastrum, 

 and the fruit is not poisonitus; the other is Cyperus alternifolius. (M. H. M.). 

 — Liuum arboreum. [E. J. S.).— The f*hrubis CratErgus azarolus. The Feme 

 are without fruit, except 5, which may be a form of Adiantum lethiopicuin. 

 (G. W.). — Specimens inauflicient. (A. B.). — 1, Adiantum cuneatum; 2, A. 

 cmcinnum. (N. IF.l. — Polysiichum angulare, var. ; 2, Aeplenium (Darea) 

 Richardi ; 3, A. bulbiferum, var. {B. Down). — 1, Pelln:*a hastata; 2, Phjma- 

 todessp.; 3, Adiantum pedatum; 4, Athyrium Filix-foemina, var.; 5, Pteris* 

 creiica; 6, indeterminable. {\V. H.}. — Quercus cuccinea. 



POTJLTBY, BEE, AND PIGEOlf OHRONIOLE. 



AUCTION, SALES. 



We have received a letter from a gentleman asking for advice 

 concerning the best method of selling a large portion of his 

 surplus stock of poultry. He writes thus : " I have about 

 120 birds for sale, principally adults, and nearly all prizewinners. 

 They comprise eighty bens, ten cocks, and about thirty chickens. 

 They have been collected by me from time to time in the past 

 twelve months from the best yards. I have determined to part 

 with all those I do not actually want to keep for my own use ; 

 and now comes the question, Shall I sell them by auction? If 

 BO, when is the best time '? Where is the best place ? And what 

 will be the probable sum they will fetch ? " We hardly know 

 how to reply to him, for it is a great question whether poultry 

 auction sales do answer or not; anyhow, the queries raised by 

 this gentleman have called the subject up, and as so many will 

 soon be having a large quantity of surplus birds on their hands 

 a few words about sales of birds and whole yards of poultry by 

 auction may not be out of season. 



The success of poultry auctions must depend, as in all such 

 similar sales, on the quality of the birds, the company, and the 

 place of sale. A good yard of birds, which must be really sold 

 out-and-out. will very often bring a good company and realise 

 good prices, provided only the nature of the sale is well known. 

 But such auctions are very few and far between. We hear fre- 

 quently that there are to be sales from celebrated yards, and 

 then catalogues are issued describing (he winnings of champion 

 this, and the silver cups of champion that, but when the auction 

 comes off we find there are large-reserved prices on these 

 champions, for they are never intended to be sold, and are only 

 entered in the catalogue to make a display and to draw a 

 company together. These auctions can never be said to answer, 

 for even if amateurs and others less learned in poultry lore are 

 brought; together by the tempting baits offered in the shape of 

 champion winners, which are really never meant to be sold, 

 they soon have their eyes opened, and the surplus stock only 

 realises poor prices. Such auction sales of poultry are seldom 

 repeated, and can never be called a success, consequently we 

 could never recommend anyone anxious to sell off a lot of in- 

 ferior specimens to take such a course. 



The next stage in poultry auctions would be a Fale where the 

 birds were bond fide surplus stock, entered as such in the cata- 

 logue, in company with baits of no sort or kind, except with of 

 course the reputation of the owner as a breeder or exhibitor, and 

 the highest bid in each case to be the purchaser, there being no 

 reserved prices. Such a sale should answer, and the_ birds fetch 

 fair prices if they come from yards of any notoriety, or are 

 guaranteed to be of certain strains ; still they frequently do not 

 do so, and we have a remarkable instance in Lady Gwydyr's 

 sale a week or two back at Ipswich. Certainly it was held rather 

 too early in the autumn, and the auction was not sufficiently 

 advertised; nevertheless, with the world-wide reputation the 

 Stone Park strains possess we shonld have anticipated noder 

 any circumstances higher prices than seem to have been realised. 

 If auctions do not pay where nearlv every surplus bird has a, 

 pedigree to back it up, we can hardly expect them to answer 

 when amateurs and the less-known fanciers adopt them to clear 

 out their yards. 



Then we come to another kind of poultry auction sale— viz., 

 a final break up of any well-known yard, when every bird will 

 be actually sold to the highest bidder, and the establishment 

 is to be broken-up for good. Poultry tradition will ever hand 

 ns down as an example of such an auction the sale of Lady 

 Holmesdale's birds at Linton Park. Many remember that day. 



