128 Notes, Communications and Reviews. 



and Herpetomonas, which occur in the digestive system of 

 various flies and bugs. Especially interesting is a form which 

 is parasitic in the sheep-ked (Melophagus). It is capable of 

 penetrating the eggs of that insect with the result that the 

 young sheep-ked may be born infected with the disease. 



Chapter IV. deals with those little understood organisms 

 which are known as Spirochaetes. An interesting account is 

 given of certain species which live in mollusca and poultry, 

 but no mention is made of the Spirunema pallidum of syphilis 

 which is probably responsible for more human suffering and 

 discomfort than any other member of the Protozoa. Chapter V. 

 is devoted to Malaria, and a good and well-illustrated account of 

 the malaria parasite is given. Some useful remarks will be 

 found on remedial and anti-malarial measures and the mos- 

 quitoes which transmit the disease. Chapter VI. deals with 

 Coccidiosis, one of the enemies of poultry and a great destroyer 

 of grouse. Eimeria (Coccidium) avium is the organism 

 responsible for the disease in these birds, and one of the 

 authors (Dr. Fantham) has conducted valuable researches on 

 its life history, while working in connection with the Grouse 

 Disease Inquiry. The parasite is restricted to the main diges- 

 tive tract, especially the duodenum and coeca. In addition to 

 poultry and grouse, it also causes fatal disease among turkeys, 

 especially in America. In Fig. 2 we reproduce an excellent 

 illustration showing the course of the life history of Eimeria 

 avium,. Certain other species of coccidiidae are the agents 

 which bring about disease in rabbits, cattle, goats and in man. 

 Further species occur in insects, mollusca and other inverte- 

 brates and appear to be injurious to them also. Chapter VII. 

 is concerned entirely with the Amoebae, with special reference 

 to Entamoeba coli and E. histolytica, the latter being the main 

 cause of amoebic dysentery. The eighth chapter deals with 

 yellow fever chiefly from the medical aspect, and includes 

 remarks on the Stegomyia mosquito which transmits it. With 

 regard to the organism that is responsible for the disease we 

 are still largely in the dark. The authors have included this 

 chapter on yellow fever apparently in the belief that it will be 

 ultimately discovered to be due to some organism of a protozoan 

 nature. 



Chapter IX. is of special interest to the stock raiser, as it 

 deals with certain cattle diseases. The life-history of the 

 Babesia bovis in the blood of cows suffering from " red water 

 fever " is clearly described, and also Theileria parva, which is 

 the pathogenic agent of " East Coast fever." Chapter X. is 

 concerned with the parasites of Kala-azar, which is prevalent 

 in India and China, and Oriental sore, a disease of much wider 

 distribution. The eleventh chapter, of some twenty-four pages. 



