222 Plantations and Home Nurseries Competition, 1912. 



Some interesting figures relating to cost of plants of Japanese 

 larch have been furnished by Mr. Maughan, agent on Jervaulx 

 Abbey estate, from the nursery there. 



Cost of Plants. 



The seed, 3 kilos (about 6^ lbs.), cost . 



which yielded at least 12,00o (dants 

 Lining out in nursery .... 



Cost of plants 



Plants and jylanting per Acre 



2,700 plants @ 8/8 



Planting @ 2/- per 100 



Total cost per acre . 



These figures showing cost of raising the plants compare 

 very favourable" with the cost of purchasing, besides the saving 

 of carriage and the exposure of a journey. They are also 

 acclimatised from their infancy, and in consequence are much 

 more likely to succeed. 



Insects, Diseases, and other Injuries. — On our inspection we 

 encountered examples of the work of the commoner forest 

 insects, but nowhere was the damage excessive. The oak leaf 

 roller caterpillar had frequently devoured a large part of the 

 foliage of mature trees, and at Aldby this insect was so abundant 

 in an oak wood that the fall of the droppings on the dead 

 leaves seemed like the pattering of a light shower of rain. At 

 Byram this insect was comparatively little in evidence, possibly 

 owing to the fact that the atmosphere there is considerably 

 contaminated by factories in the neighbourhood, and it is 

 possible that the foliage is thus rendered distasteful to the 

 insect. The caterpillar of the pine-shoot tortrix moth had, 

 as usual, done a certain amount of damage to young pines — 

 Scots, Corsican, and Black Austrian— and, at Newby, Scots 

 pines four or five years old standing in the nursery were very 

 severely ci-ippled. By removing shoots which are manifestly 

 attacked by this caterpillar sufficiently early, a large number 

 of insects will be, destroyed, but it is doubtfiil whether the 

 permanent effect upon the pest will be appreciable. Here and 

 there one found the end shoots of the leader or branches of 

 the Scots pine excavated by the pine beetle, but foresters now 

 know that by removing fallen pines and their branches in 

 good time the insect has fewer opportunities to breed, and, as a 

 whole, it is probable that this destructive insect is now less 

 abundant than formerly. Larch aphis was in evidence in most 



