( XII ) 



previous springs being 3-620. The deaths were 128,692. The 

 natural increase of population was, therefore, 63,767. 



The total number of emigrants from ports in the United Kingdom 

 was 80,303, of whom about 19,000 were of English origin ; while 

 the Scotch were nearly 5000, and the Irish 45,000. About 65,000 

 were destined to the United States, a number which exceeds the 

 emigration to the same part in any Jitno quarter in the last twelve 

 years, with the exception of 1864. 



The annual rate of mortality in the first quarter in England was 

 2-653 per cent. ; the average of ten previous winters being 2-504. 

 But it is remarkable that this excess above the average was con- 

 tributed entirely by the large towns ; for in the country districts 

 the death-rate, 2-252, was actually lower than the average, 2-295. 

 The annual rate of mortality in the 142 town districts was 2-967, 

 asiainst the averao'e, 2-680. These results confirm the conclusion 

 that there were other destructive causes at work besides unfavourable 

 states of the weather — that epidemic diseases, which commit so much 

 havoc in towns, were extensively fatal^ and acquired additional 

 vigour from influences peculiar to the season. 



If the map of England were shaded to represent the rates of mor- 

 tality of the March quarter in the registration districts, the eye, 

 travelling from the lighter south to the darker north would be 

 drawn to a spot of portentous darkness on the Mersey ; and the 

 question would be asked whether cholera, the black death, or other 

 plague, had been introduced into its bus}'' and populous seaport. 

 Eever, probably developed or aided by the mild and damp atmos- 

 phere of the season, and by overcrowding in an increasing popula- 

 tion, was at work. The annual mortality of the borough of Liver- 

 pool in the three months was excessive : it rose to 4-593 per cent. 

 This implies that if this death-rate were maintained for a year, forty- 

 six persons out of a thousand in the population would die in that 

 time, or fifteen more than died in Glasgow, its northern rival ; nine- 

 teen more than in London. The mortality of the city of Manchester, 

 though far less than that of Liverpool, was also very high ; it was 

 3-742 per cent., and that of Leeds was hardly less. 



The deaths in the quarter that ended on June 30th exceeded the 

 average of the season. Their number was 128,692, and the mortality, 

 after taking increase of population into account, exceeded the cus- 

 tomary rate ; for instead of 2-186 the mortality was at the rate of 

 2-437 per cent. The spring quarter is usually not only healthier 

 than the quarter of winter or autumn, but healthier than the whole 

 round of the year. 



