The Cattle-Plague. 243 



as if the cars were tickled ; a hanring down of the ears ; a dulncss of the ej-es. 

 After that a stupidity and unwillingness to move, gi'eat deljility, total loss of 



appetite, a running at the eyes and nose A constant diaiTlicea, roofs of 



their mouths and barbs ulcerated. They groan much, are worse in the evening, 

 and mostly lie do^vn. 



No one who consults the works of Layaed and Flemyng 

 can entertain more hesitation about the identity existing- between 

 the visitations of 1865 and 1744-57, than they did between that 

 of 1744-57, witnessed by themselves, and that of 1711-14, observed 

 and described by Rammazzini, LaxcisI, and Lanzoni. It is 

 worthy of remark that all these writers draw particular attention 

 to the pustular character of the disease. LayaED, in a letter to 

 Sir Joseph Banks in 1780, says : "It is an eruptive fever of the 

 variolus kind, and, though the pustules may have been frequently 

 overlooked, yet none ever recovered without more or less eruptions 



or critical abscesses Unlike other pestilential, putrid, or 



malignant fevers, it bears all the characteristic symptoms, progress, 

 crises, and event of the small-pox." 



Internal Symj)toms. — In the first place we will glance at the 

 chief of these manifestations, as observed by the NoKFOLK 

 Medical Committee : — 



" In its general appearance the flesh is much darkened in coloirr, decompo- 

 sition proceeds rapidly, and a most characteristic smell is evolved from the 

 abdominal viscera. The blood, which is dark, quickly and firmly coagulates. 

 The larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes, generally free from mucous, occa- 

 sionally exhibit a few red spots. In sheep the lining membrane of the whole 

 respiratory tract is frequently of a gangi-enous greenish-black hue. The lungs 

 of oxen, generally healthy, exude dark blood when cut. In sheep they are 

 always congested and red mottled throughout ; in lambs most so. The heart 

 contains clots of black blood in both ventricles. The 1st stomach is always 

 crammed with food, and the mucous membrane beneath its epithelial lining is 

 frequently studded with minute red papillary points. The second stomach is 

 usually healthy. The third sometimes moist, and its epithelitmi readily peeling 

 or scraping off; sometimes the converse. In the former case |the mucous 

 membrane beneath is generally reddened with dark spots pervading a surface 

 of fainter red. The 4th stomach, nearly alwaj^s empty, the large vessels on its 

 exterior generally full ; the surface studded with dull red or bluish spots, or 

 ' large portions of a deeper red, with here and there spots or patches of a still 

 darker hue, either elevated above the surface or appearing like ecchymoses 

 beneath the mucous membrane, giving the surface a resemblance to jjlum- 

 pudding.' The epithelium is often gone in spots, leaving depressions which 

 are rather abrasions than ulcerations of the membrane. In sheep these 

 stomachs are occasionally found quite health}', excepting a muddy appearance 

 in the 3rd. This viscus, however, has frequently a dark gangrenous a])pear- 

 ance. The small intestines are always empty and usually patched with red, 

 and congested here and there. The duodenum is affected most constantly and 

 to the greatest degree, and not unfrequently shows a papillated condition of 

 the reddened surface. Small sebaceous tumours are often present, Peyer's 

 patches are never found thickened or ulcerated, but are sometimes seen covered 

 with a layer of discoloured and softened mucous membrane. In sheep the 

 resemblance in these respects is com}ilete, and the bowels, like the stomachs, 

 are occasionally found pale and nearly healthy throughout. The large intes- 



K 2 



