February, '16] GOSSARD: PERIODICAL CICADA 57 



It will be seen from these reports that the records of first notice 

 were as early in northern Ohio as in the southern part, but the dates 

 of disappearance are progressively later, going toward the north. 

 Since our reporters included pupse as well as adults in their observations, 

 there was probably a wider difference in the dates for the appearance 

 of the adults in the respective sections than the records appear to show. 



The interrogation points in several of the western counties, when 

 considered in connection with what may be called the internal evidence 

 of the report cards, indicate a strong probability that the cicada 

 appears thinly but regularly in several neighborhoods in the western 

 half of the state, entirely outside of territory heretofore mapped as 

 inhabited by the brood. 



While pupae were observed and collected in large numbers at 

 Wooster during the last ten days of April, no adults were recorded until 

 May 25, when I heard their song in the woods about one and one- 

 quarter miles northeast of town. They were plentiful 10 days later 

 and commenced ovipositing June 5 and 6. A young orchard, newly 

 set, had the tree tops covered with mosquito netting and the trunks 

 wrapped with paper, the work beginning June 9 and being finished 

 June 11, but considerable injury was done during the 4 or 5 days 

 when the females were busy. The cost of this protection, including 

 labor for putting on the protectors and later removing them, averaged 

 about 5 to 7 cents per tree, but could have been reduced as much as 

 2 or 3 cents per tree under normal conditions. Some unprotected 

 young orchards of a year's growth near Wooster suffered very severely. 

 It would probably have paid to have protected them, even at a cost 

 of 25 cents per tree. 



Though a careful lookout was kept at Wooster for cicada chimneys, 

 none were observed. Mr. J. L. King and Mr. C. A. Reese reported 

 that at Sugar Grove, Hocking County, in the pine woods east of the 

 Baumgartner farm, were acres of cicada chimneys so thick that one 

 could not step without breaking some of them down. 



The cicada adults were still plentiful and musical at Wooster, June 

 16, but were beginning to decline and by June 23 only a few stragglers 

 were Ifeft. At Funk's Hollow, west of Wooster, Mr. S. G. Harry 

 found them singing July 4 and 5, which, with one exception, was 

 the -latest record for Wayne County. The latest report was July 6, 

 giving the adults an extreme period of 46 days for Wayne County. 

 July 10, no song could be heard in any of the places where they existed 

 less than a week earlier. 



The map showing the distribution for 1915, or brood VI of Marlatt, 

 was constructed from 227 reports of which 38 affirmed the presence 

 of the cicada and 189 denied its occurrence, or else were evidently 

 based on the supposition that some other species was septendecim. 



