February, '16] GOSSARD: BLIGHT AND BEES 59 



quite numerously to upper layers of soil in April and May, but did not 

 subsequently appear as adults in any considerable numbers, so far 

 as he could discover. It will be a matter of some interest to watch 

 for their possible appearance next year in his county, since they may 

 have been retarded by cold. Each dot on the map records a report 

 of occurrence, often of only a single individual, or much less frequently 

 of a very few specimens. The record for Wayne County is based 

 on the song of 2 individuals, heard by J. S. Houser and Prof. Edmund 

 Secrest, June 7, 1915; and for Ashland County, on the song of a single 

 specimen heard by Messrs. J. S. Houser and E. B. Forbes at Loudon- 

 ville, June 9, 1915. The counties containing the remnants of this 

 brood are, according to these meager returns, Ashland, Ashtabula, 

 Carroll, Columbiana, Delaware, Harrison, Madison, Mohoning, 

 Meigs, Montgomery, Morrow, Pickaway, Shelby, Stark, Summit, 

 Union and Wayne. 



Comparing with Marlatt's record, Ashland, Harrison, Meigs, Stark 

 and Wayne counties are added to the territory of the brood, and 

 Champaign and Vinton counties fail of confirmation. 



(By general consent discussion was deferred until after the presenta- 

 tion of the following paper by Mr. Gossard.) 



IS THE HIVE A CENTER FOR DISTRIBUTING FIRE BLIGHT? 

 IS APHID HONEY DEW A MEDIUM FOR SPREADING BLIGHT? 



By H. A. GossAKD 



Seeking an answer to the above questions the following experimental 

 work was performed during the season of 1914, the technical bac- 

 teriological work being done by Mr. R, C. Walton of the Station Bo- 

 tanical Department. 



Honey and the Hive 



Cultures were made from old honey taken from three different hives 

 early in the spring in an attempt to learn if the bacilli of blight were 

 carried over the winter in the hive. Both light and dark honey from 

 each hive was sampled for this purpose. No specimens of the organ- 

 anism of blight were secured from any of these hives. 



In an attempt to definitely connect the hive with the transmission 

 of the disease, cultures were also made, during the apple-blooming 

 period, from five hives into which fresh apple honey had been carried 

 from orchards which had blighted to a greater or lesser degree the 



