Februarj', '16] GOODWIN: GRAPE BERRY WORM 93 



from 8.00 or 9.00 a. m. to 2.30 or 4.00 p. m. before flying to some other 

 position. However, they are usually able to fly in about twenty 

 minutes after emerging. The moths seldom fly until late in the 

 afternoon, usualty becoming active a1)0ut 2.30 to 4.00 p. m., and when 

 confined in the breeding cages make frantic efforts to escape about this 

 time of the day. When not confined, they fly to the under side of some 

 vine or deeply shaded section of a vineyard, usually settling on the 

 canes, where they are very inconspicuous on account of their similarity 

 of coloration. In fact, it is only after a careful search that one can find 

 them at all. Seemingly selecting the deep shade, the females lay most 

 of their eggs in those portions of the vineyard where the foliage is 

 very dense, especially when the berry worm infestation is not heavy, 

 and the ground slopes toward the level sections having the heavy 

 growth. Those parts of vineyards where the soil is seriously depleted 

 and the yield of grapes is approaching a minimum, are seldom injured 

 much by the berry worm. In many vineyards where poorly nourished, 

 dwarfed vines carry only a small amount of foliage they are scarcely 

 injured at all. Some vineyards, with areas of strong and w^eak vines, 

 are scarcely infested on the light areas while severely injured by the 

 berry worm on the strong, vigorous vined areas. 



In northern Ohio the moths seldom emerge in numbers before the 

 8th to the 12th of June, varying with the season. Sometimes part of 

 the brood emerges a few days earlier or later, but the main part of the 

 brood usually appears from the middle to just a few days after the 

 close of the blooming time of the standard varieties of grapes. In 

 confinement, the moths laid some eggs from four to seven days after 

 they emerged. A few individuals w^ere tardy in emerging and others 

 were equally tardy in oviposition. This makes it difficult to give 

 exact dates for spraying, and the variation of blooming time of the 

 grapes through seasonal variations complicates matters still more. 

 Individuals of this brood of moths often live for ten to seventeen days, 

 giving a long period of time for oviposition and making the appli- 

 cation of a single poisonous spray of httle apparent value. Poisons, 

 adhering to the rapidly growing grape berries, are soon decomposed 

 and also cover a relatively small part of the berries after ten days' 

 time. 



The larva of the grape berry worm usually feeds on the pulp of the 

 berries. In June, a partially grown larva has often webbed together 

 half of a developing cluster of grapes and devoured the small berries 

 and stems, living inside of the protecting web. These webs were plen- 

 tiful in some vineyards by the 25th of June and many of the larvae 

 were almost full grown. Large numbers of these larvae were collected, 

 but did not emerge as moths until the first week in August. The 



