104 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [S'ol. 9 



chine not over 7 feet long exclusive of the tongue, were the most effi- 

 cient and convenient machines. The spars with the nozzles throwing 

 the spray upward and outward were very good for the June spraying 

 when the foliage and cane growth was not extremely heavy and the 

 spray would reach the grape bunches. 



For the August spraying the trailer method, applying the spray by 

 hand, is more effective and economical, as it is impossible to cover 

 every grape bunch with spray with fixed spars at this season of the 

 year. In 1914 the spar method proved almost as good as hand appli- 

 cations but the wood growth was not heavy. In 1915 the wood 

 growth was extremely heavy and hand spraying was much better 

 than when fixed spars were used. 



Nozzles are very important accessories in grape spraying. The 

 small-capacity, short-range nozzles are of little value. Nozzles having 

 a carrying capacity or range of 8 to 12 feet at 200 pounds pressure per- 

 mit the operator to reach every grape bunch without tangling his 

 nozzles with the grape vines. A four-foot bamboo covered rod was 

 more convenient to use than any other length. These were used on 

 leads of hose 40 to 60 feet long. 



The vulnerable spot in the life-history of the grape berry worm, to 

 the author appeared to be at a time just preceding the depositing of 

 the eggs upon the berries. The moths emerging in June rarely come in 

 a short period of less than one week, although in 1914 the bulk of the 

 brood came in 4 to 5 days. The August brood of moths comes with 

 a rush, almost 90 per cent of the pupae transforming to moths in 6 or 7 

 days. The egg-laying period is also not so extended. In 1915 large 

 numbers of moths placed in cages with bunches of grapes sprayed with 

 arsenate of lead died within 2 days, while those confined with un- 

 sprayed bunches lived from 4 to 11 days. This is worthy of further 

 investigation, as it may only happen when the moths are in confinement. 

 No eggs were deposited in the first mentioned cage, but in the latter 

 eggs were plentiful. In the field the first eggs could be found on the 

 10th of August, 1914, but could not be found until the 14th of August 

 in 1915. On August 15, 1915, they could be readily found at San- 

 dusky, O. West of Cleveland a few unhatched eggs were found on 

 the grapes on August 24, 1915, but they were not plentiful. A few 

 unhatched eggs were found on the grapes at Sandusky during the 

 first week of September. 



In the control work the best results have been obtained by the heavy 

 applications of 4 pounds to 6 pounds of arsenate of lead paste in 50 

 gallons of Bordeaux with 2 pounds of soft soap, the week following the 

 blooming of the grapes when the largest berries are about one-eighth of 

 an inch in diameter. The second apphcation comes between six and 



