February, '16] ENTOMOLOGISTS' DISCUSSIONS 105 



seven weeks later or approximately seven weeks after the grapes 

 bloom. This late appHcation of spray should be heavy and thorough, 

 covering every bunch of grapes with spray, preferably by the trailer 

 method. Normally, in northern Ohio this spraying comes between 

 the 3d to 12th of August and may be the only one needed. 



From 80 to 200 gallons of spray per acre have been used in the 

 various experiments. For the June spraying 100 to 120 gallons per 

 acre apphed with spars was effective, but the August spraying requires 

 about 160 gallons per acre applied by hand. The greater amount of 

 poison, 6 pounds paste, should also be used in this spraying. The 

 amount of poison adhering at picking time is undoubtedly, small, 

 although considerable spray may still be visible on the bunches. Dur- 

 ing the six to nine weeks between the time of the last application of 

 spray and the time of picking, the poison is almost wholly oxidised or 

 dissolved and no injurious effects will result from eating these grapes. 

 The total weight of the crop of grapes well sprayed is from two to five 

 times as much as from similar areas of unsprayed vineyards. Several 

 instances of even greater differences in weight of the crop at harvest 

 time have been observed, the most unusual being about 900 pounds 

 from an unsprayed acre and 9,700 pounds from an acre of sprayed 

 vineyard. One-third of a ton of Concord grapes or one-fourth of a 

 ton of Catawbas will generally cover the cost of making two thorough 

 appHcations of spray. Does it pay? Is it worth while? 



President Glenn W. Herrick: I should like to ask, Mr. Good- 

 win, how many broods did you find? 



Mr. W. H. Goodwin: Two broods. 



President Glenn W. Herrick: These accord with Johnson and 

 Hammar? 



Mr. W. H. Goodwin: Yes sir, excepting that both broods of the 

 moths emerge earlier by ten days and I have never had any erratic or 

 out of season broods. The hatching of the first brood of berryworms, 

 like the emergence of the moths, is distributed over a period of four or 

 five weeks and the worms are only partially controlled by the spray- 

 ing made five to nine days after the grapes bloom. In northern Ohio 

 most of the first brood moths emerge from the 5th to 12th of August, 

 90 to 95 per cent of them appearing in seven to nine days. A thorough 

 hand spraying at this time poisons most of the worms soon after they 

 hatch. Thus one thorough spraying destroys practically all of the 

 second brood worms. The former recommendations provided for 

 three applications of spray by the middle of July and were too early 



