February, '16] FELT: CLIMATE AND CODLING MOTH 107 



Mr. E. p. Felt: I would like to ask ]\Ir. King if he saw any 

 evidences of the inner bark being penetrated or discolored by the 

 asphaltum? 



Mr. J. L. Kixg: Not until late in the season did I get discoloring 

 of the bark. When removing the bark it seemed to be very green 

 during the first part of the season. 



Mr. E. p. Felt: How were the trees the spring of the next year? 



Mr. J. L. Kixg: In the following spring the bark was brown and 

 dead under the areas which were covered with the asphaltum. 



In most everj'- case where it was applied at the base of the trees as a 

 preventive against Sanninoidea, the trees died or were very severely 

 injured. 



President Glenn W. Herrick: We will now listen to a paper 

 bv Mr. E. P. Felt. 



CLIMATE AND VARIATIONS IN THE HABITS OF THE CODLING 



MOTH 



By E. P. I- ELT, Albany, N. Y. 



Climatic differences appear to exert a considerable influence upon 

 the habits and the type of injury caused by the codUng moth if con- 

 ditions obtaining in New York State the past two or three years are 

 reliable criteria. Last summer 20 per cent or more of the crop in 

 some orchards, and in others an even larger proportion bore the char- 

 acteristic blemish w^e have termed " side injury." This is known among 

 New York fruit-growers as ''side worm" and by manj' of them is 

 supposed to be the work of the second brood of the codling moth or 

 that of some unknown insect. Dr. Quaintance informs us that this 

 is the so-called "sting" of western fruit-growers. 



The blemish, apparently first figured and described bj- John W. 

 Lloyd in 1907 (Bui. 114, 111. Agric. Expt. Sta.), has a diameter of 

 about one-eighth of an inch and ordinarily may be found on the smooth- 

 est and most exposed face of the apple. There is a discoloration, some- 

 times reddish or reddish-brown, marked by a small central sht or 

 puncture, the point where the young apple worm enters the fruit. 

 This injurj^ may be easily distinguished from small scab spots and 

 certain types of hail damage, by the characteristics given above. 



Observations the past season have shown that this type of injury, 

 hitherto almost ignored, is due to the work of codling moth larvae 

 hatching from late-deposited eggs — that is those laid the latter part 

 of June or early in July. At this time the fruit has attained consid- 

 eraVjle size, being an inch or so in diameter, is much smoother than the 



