108 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 9 



small apple and relatively more conspicuous. The moths seem to 

 display a marked partiality for such fruit, and from observations in 

 the orchard we estimated that fully 75 per cent of the eggs laid at 

 this time were deposited upon the apples. The latoihatching codling 

 moth larvaB appear content in many instances to eat a small, shallow, 

 circular gallery just under the skin of the apple and with a radius of 

 about one-sixteenth of an inch. They may then, in large measure, 

 desert the initial point of attack and migrate to the blossom end. We 

 have repeatedly found empty side blemishes and then located the 

 wanderer on the surface of the apple or even in the blossom end, and 

 in the case of sprayed trees it is by no means uncommon to find a 

 small, dead caterpillar at the bottom of the calyx cup. The impulse 

 to desert an apparently satisfactory shelter and brave the dangers 

 of migration to the blossom end can hardly be explained as other than 

 hereditary and an outcome of the same unrest which, under other 

 conditions, leads the larva to forsake the leaf mines and search for 

 fruit. It is perhaps unnecessary to point out that while a small mine 

 in a leaf may amount to very little, similar damage to the fruit means 

 serious loss. 



It is noteworthy, in studying conditions in various portions of New 

 York State, that side injury was decidedly more prevalent in the 

 western part, especially in the vicinity of Lake Ontario, and probably 

 in other localities where a large body of water may prevent a marked 

 rise of evening temperatures in the spring. There is on record a 

 statement by Cordley to the effect that eggs are not deposited when 

 the evening temperature falls much below 60° F. In this connection 

 some interesting data have been published by Sanderson (N. H. 

 Agric. Expt. Sta., 19th-20th Repts., 1908, p. 406). He found that if 

 the evenings were cool, egg-laying would sometimes be deferred for 

 several days and stated that from June 9 to 15, 1906, he was able to 

 secure eggs, but after that the evenings were cool until the latter part 

 of the month and no eggs were obtained until June 28. Again, in 

 1907, "no eggs were found until June 22 . . . though moths had 

 been emerging since the 10th." An examination of records made the 

 past four years by Mr. L, F. Strickland, Nursery Inspector of the 

 State Department of Agriculture, located in Niagara County, shows 

 a fairly close connection between this type of injury and the rise of 

 daily evening temperatures above 60° F., and on comparing this 

 data with similar temperature records for inland points well removed 

 from the influence of large bodies of water such as Wappinger Falls 

 (near Poughkeepsie) and Chatham (near Albany) we find the records 

 for these latter localities during the past few years to be such 

 as to permit a fairly prompt deposition of eggs, assuming that such will 



