February, '16] ENTOMOLOGISTS' DISCUSSIONS 109 



occur when evening temperatures are at 60° F. or higher. In the 

 latter places there was comparatively little side injury. It should be 

 stated in this connection that the daily minimum temperature is only 

 an approximate guide, since, other things being equal, there is a greater 

 drop in the temperature between evening and early morning inland 

 than obtains in localities near large bodies of water. This will vary 

 under different conditions and can only be approximated when mini- 

 mum temperatures alone are available as happens to be the case in 

 this instance. It is evident, from what we know of the crepuscular 

 habits of the moth, that the evening temperatures are the controlling 

 ones and here is an excellent opportunity to establish a series of records 

 which may be of great practical value. 



Every entomologist having personal experience in the control of 

 the codling moth knows that ordinary applications of arsenical poisons 

 can not be rehed upon to destroy the young codhng moth larvae 

 hatching from late-deposited eggs before they have injured the fruit 

 to some extent. Consequently, in localities where these conditions 

 obtain, thorough spraying results in almost no end wormy fruit and a 

 comparatively small reduction in that showing the side blemish; in 

 other words this side injury must be controlled to a considerable extent 

 by the apphcation of the preceding year, and here we have a very 

 strong argument for thorough and systematic annual spraying whether 

 the trees be fruiting or not. 



President Glenn W. Herrick: The paper is particularly in- 

 teresting to me as showing the desirability of careful observation of old 

 insect pests and it shows what important things may turn up as a re- 

 sult of these observations. 



Was there any side injury from the second brood? 



Mr. E. p. Felt: I do not know. I am inclined to think that 

 this serious "second brood" injury in western New York is due to late 

 deposition of eggs. 



I saw nothing that led me to believe that there was any great 

 amount of side injury from this brood this year. 



Mr. James Troop: I would Hke to ask if Dr. Felt saw where very 

 many or any of this first brood continued to eat into the apple until 

 they had reached the core. We have had a good deal of trouble with 

 this insect in Indiana during the last few years, but have found that 

 in most cases where the larvae started in at the side, they continued 

 to eat into the core of the apple. I examined a great number of 

 wormy apples and found that over 50 per cent of the larvae of this 

 first brood went from the side, as the larvae were still in the apples 



