196 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 9 



this condition in this stage easily diagnosed. The scale stage offers 

 greater difficulties in gross diagnosis. 



CONSEOUENCES OF MISTAKES IN DIAGNOSIS 



While the difficulties of diagnosis are such that errors must be made, 

 yet these should be reduced to a minimvmi. The undesirable conse- 

 quences following the application of improper treatment, based on a 

 mistake in diagnosis, are obvious. Almost all of the mistakes possible 

 have been made: thus, sacbrood has been mistaken both for American 

 foulbrood and European foulbrood, Ukewise European foulbrood for 

 American foulbrood and vice versa and treatment ordered accordingly, 

 including unnecessary destruction of the frames and the rendering of 

 the combs into wax with the consequent additional labor. Such mis- 

 takes as the above have been reported and unnecessary losses to the 

 beekeeper could have been avoided by exercising proper discretion. 

 It is better in doubtful cases to send a specimen for laboratory diag- 

 nosis. Mistakes are not so dangerous if made in a badly diseased 

 territory since the chances of error in such cases are greatly reduced. 

 But it is certainly desirable to have the diagnosis of suspected brood in 

 a new territory confirmed unless there is so much suspected brood as to 

 leave Httle doubt of infection. 



OUTLINE OF APIARY INSPECTION IN ONTARIO 



By MoRLEY Pettit, Provmcial Apiarist, Guelph, Ontario 



It might be well to mention by way of introduction that the province 

 of Ontario has a total area of four hundred thousand square miles, 

 being much larger than any state of the Union. Only about 10 per 

 cent of this area is as yet occupied, although every part has good ag- 

 ricultural districts as well as great mineral resources. The agricultural 

 output of 1914 is valued at seven hundred and fifty milHon dollars. 



Bees have been successfully kept in almost all parts of the province, 

 and there are at present upwards of ten thousand persons keeping 

 about three hundred thousand colonies and producing average crops of 

 from 30 to 50 pounds per colony. The Ontario Beekeepers' Asso- 

 ciation has been in operation for 35 years and now has twenty-six 

 affiliated countj^ associations and a total membership of about twelve 

 hundred. The annual government grants to beekeeping total about 

 $10,000.00, only a part of which can be used for apiary inspection. 



On the first enactment of foulbrood legislation in Ontario in 1890, 

 one inspector was appointed by the Ontario Beekeepers' Association 

 to spend part of his time inspecting bees under the direction of the 

 president. In 1906 the act was revised and the province divided into 



