10 Jan., 1917.] The Summer Bvd, etc., of the Vine. 45 



A general idea of the graft may be formed from Fig. 3, which 

 shows a young resistant vine, planted as an ungrafted rootling in, say, 

 August, 1915; the scion bud having been grafted in at "A" iu Feb- 

 ruary, 1916. As will be seen, immediately after grafting, the whole 

 stem of the vine is mounded up with loose soil ; the height of the mound 

 is usually about 1 foot, the base of the young canes, and a good many 

 leaves, being olten covered with soil. It will be noted that the top of 

 the stock is not cut off at the time of grafting*, but is allowed to con- 

 tinue its growth. This is, no doubt, one of the factors contributing to 

 the excellence of the unions; the sap circulating freely in the tissues 

 immediately adjacent to the graft, callu.sing is very thorough and com- 

 plete. 



Towards the end of winter, the mound should Be removed ; it is, in 

 fact, usually broken down before this by the ordinary cultural operations. 

 It is then possible to see if the graft has succeeded, in which case the 

 bud will be found to be large and healthy, and firmly united to the stock 

 by the callus which has formed. If the graft has failed, the scion bud, 

 now considerably shrivelled, can easily be rubbed out with the finger. 

 If the graft has satisfactorily taken, the stock is now cut off with the 

 secateur at " C," Fig. 3. On no account should it be cut anv clcser to 

 the bud. as the stock would be liable to die back on the opposite side to 

 the bud. A stub or butt of the old stock 5 or 6 inches long should be 

 left above the graft, which will he finally removed a year later. Should 

 the graft have failed, the vine is allowed to remain until September or 

 October (in Victoria), when it can be cut back at " B," Fig. 3, and 

 cleft grafted in the usual way. The " Yema " graft shoulH be placed 

 about 3 inches above the level of the soil, so that, in case of its failure, 

 the cleft graft will not be so deep as to entail trouble with scion 

 roots. 



Similar Grafts in France. 



Curiously enough, this graft does not seem to have found its way to 

 France; at least not during the period of active reconstitution (1885-99), 

 during which French ingenuity devised an extraordinary number of 

 new methods for budding and grafting the vine. It is not described 

 in " Grafting and Budding, "t though the grafts of Besson, Massabie, 

 and of Clarac (No. 2) present some points in common with it. These, 

 however, are buds rather than grafts. The form of grafting which most 

 resembles it, especially as regards the season for its execution, is the 

 well-known Cadillac graft — a side cleft summer graft which will be 

 described later. 



A graft was, however, described in the Pror/res Ac/ricole. of 25th 

 February, 1912, by M. J. B. Mais, which is practically identical with 

 the Spanish Yema, second stylej, as will be seen by reference to Fig. 4 



The following extracts from Mr. Mais' article will, no doubt, prove 

 of interest: — 



Stocks (ungrafted) should be planted from December to March (June to 

 September in Australia). As soon as the shoots are about an inch long a bud 

 is placed, as shown in Fig. 4 (scion A, stock B) and tied with raffia. 



• AccortUnu fo ^r. M^i?. severe toppinc is recon trendirt imn-.edi.'itcly after cr.iftinjr (see pape 46). 

 This is not usually done in Victoria. If the \ine has not made very strong RTOwtli. it is probably better 

 not to top, thoiltrli in tiie case of very vii^oroiis vines it mieht be an improvement ; it would, at any rate, 

 reduce the power of the wind, which, on a very stronc %ine. t^^nds to breal< down the mound. 



t Xew M"thods of Oraftin? and Buddinffi as applied to Reconstitution with American Vines, l)y 

 Dubois and Wilkinson — published by tliis Department in 1901. 



J J. B. Mais, President, Syndicat Agricole of Lectonre (Gets). France, in Prof/rm Aftr*^olr. Mont- 

 peUicr, 25th Febniarv. 1912. 



