10 Feb., 1917.] The Summer Bud, d-c, of the Vine. 97 



and in a general way :t will be safer to rely on the normal Yema graft 

 with dormant bud, which will give entire satisfaction in every case, 

 provided it is properly executed, and that there is sufficient " life" in 

 the stock. Even though the latter condition be not realized, no harm 

 will result to the young resistant vine, which will not be .prejudiced in 

 any way so far as subsequent spring grafting is concerned. 



The Cadillac Graft. 



Reference must now be made to this well known French graft 

 which, although practised in much the same way as ordinary cleft 

 grafting, has much more in common with the Yema graft, as regards 

 the season of the year most suitable for its execution. This graft takes 

 its name from the district around the small town of Cadillac, about 

 20 miles up the river Garonne from Bordeaux. It was invented by M. 

 Constant Ballau, a vine grower of Omet, a village near Cadillac; and 

 has since become extremely popular in many parts of southern France. 

 The following description of the graft is abridged from a report by 

 Professor CapusJ : — 



" In the second fortnight of August (February in Australia) a basin is opened 

 around each \ouug resistant vine. .4boiit 4^ uielies above the ground level a 

 section is made on the main stem of the stock in an oblique direction, and towards 

 the pith. It is into this cleft, which is IJ inches deep, that the scion is intro- 

 duced, prepared as though for the ordinary cleft graft, and with two eyes. 



Each graft is bound by means of a narrow lead band, the ends of which are 

 twisted toyetlier. A tie of raffia is also made around \t, the strands of which 

 are kept apart. The raffia also serves the purpose of holding the upper part 

 of the scion against the stock, thus keeping it firmly in position. The scions 

 are cut from French vines and from canes of the year, the wood of which is 

 sufficiently ripened. The grafts are mounded up to tlie second or top eye of 

 the scion. 



The buds of the scion generally remain dormant and only sprout the following 

 spring. The stock continues its growth during the whole oif the autumn. In 

 winter it is pruned as though it had not been grafted, only one spur being left 

 on the hichest canes. 



In April (October in Australia) when the buds are about to break, the 

 grafts are inspected ; non-sprouting of the scion bud is an indication that the 

 graft has failed. These are then re-grafted, below the cleft previously made, 

 and at the same time of year as ordinary spring grafting. 



Progressively, and as they sprout, the shoots of the stock are stopped back, 

 so as to direct the flow of sap towards the graft and the scion. 



In spring, after breaking down the mouncis, the grafts are again inspected, 

 and the binding is replaced ; a little later scion roots and binding are removed. 

 As soon as the shoots of the scion are 15 inches long and the union secure, the 

 stocks are beheaded. 



Strikes of up to 80 and 90 per cent, are thus obtained. What has been 

 termed the Cadillac graft is not. as will be seen, a special method of srafting. 

 This expression designates a svstem of reconstitution, the originality of which lies 

 in the grafting being executed in August (Fe'iruary in .\ustralia) on a stock in 

 full sap. the upper pirt of which is not cut off, with scions cut from the current 

 year's canes; th'is rendering it possible to field graft the following spring any 

 vines which miv have failed." 



This sraft is illustrated in Fit? 11, which needs little further 

 explanation. According to M. Vennorel {Le Grefnge /rrafir/iie tie In 

 Vir/ne) : — 



" The knife used to make the cleft shimld have a verv thin blade, and the 

 section must be absnlutelv stvight. otherwise there wo'dd be difficultv in getting 

 the stock and scion to fit. In order to avoid making a hollow (curved) cleft, 



t Thp rppon^titution of the vinevarda in ihp Canton of Cadillac. Report submitted to thp Jury of 

 Clas.oc's 36. 38, ,ind 60. at the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900. 



308 2 



