10 Feb., 1917.] The Summer Bud, &-c., of the Vine. 101 



duced by tli© vinifera scion, which constitutes the right hand part of 

 the photo, and the denser though leas abundant wood of the resistant 

 stock on the left. The very intimate union Ijetween the two is clearly 

 shown. 



It must be remembered that callus only forms under certain con- 

 ditions of teni,perature and moisture. As pointed out by Professor 

 Bioletti,* the formation of callus is very different from that of roots. 

 The latter form more freely if the soil contains 15 per cent, of mois- 

 ture ; callus, on the contrary, is most abundant in sand which only 

 contains 5 per cent., and it is nearly as plentiful with only 2i per cent. 

 This fully explains the evil effects of an excess of moisture during the 

 knitting period which have been already pointed out. Callus does not 

 form at all under water. 



As regards temperature — at 68 deg. F. there is very little callus 

 formation at the end of eight days; at 77 deg. it is plentiful, and still 

 more so at 86 deg. The temperature of 77 deg. is the one which has 

 been found most suitable in the artificial callusing of bench grafts, as 

 practised at the Wahgunyah nursery. It is of course impossible to 

 insure an even temperature in the case of field grafting ; there must 

 necessarily be considerable difference between day and night. This, 

 however, does not seem to be of anv consequence. It will readily be 

 understood tliat the bigger the mound, the more even will the tempera- 

 ture be in the neighbourhood of the graft. In the case of a large 

 mcund, it will not become too hot during the day time, and will take 

 longer to cool down during the night. 



• Bulletin No. 180, University of California. Resistant Vineyards, by Professor F. Bioletti. 



Be very particular in preparing barley for sale. It must be sorted 

 and cleaned with the best machinery for the purpose. Mix only such 

 barley as is quite uniform in character and quality. Mixed grain of 

 different quality possesses little value, and the addition of poorer quality 

 to a higher diminishes the latter quite out of proportion to any advan- 

 tage gained by the extra bulk. Musty, poor-coloured grains, even in 

 small quantities, will spoil a large bulk of otherwise excellent grain. 



The amount that each horse will eat will depend largely on the horse. 

 About 1 lb. for each 100 lbs. of horse is considered by some good feeding 

 of roughage, and many think a like weight of grain feed plenty. Some 

 horses require more. Maize and oats, half and half, might be a good 

 grain mixture to use. Start the horse on a moderate ration, and increase 

 to the maximum gradually. Three gallons of grain fed to each daily, 

 and the hay as cleaned up, with perhaps a pound of oil cake added, 

 should be ample. 



