410 JoiiiiKiJ of Ai/n'ciilliire, Victoria. [10 July, 1917. 



of this most remarkable fungus as revealed by their investigation in 

 artificial culture media. The results of these experiments were published 

 at considerable length in La Revue de Viticulture in 1904 and 1905. 

 In their introduction to this series of articles they show how — 



Cultures in various media, and study of the evolution of the parasite under 

 natural conditions, permit amplification of ohservation.s previously published 

 (R. Vit., Vol. XXII., pp. 117 and 145). The results obtained in 1904-5 . . . . 

 reveal a complex polymorphism unknown in fungi of the same group, whicli 

 causes Anthracnose of different plants. It was tliought that this fungus had no 

 other means of reproduction than a conidia-bearing stroma. In our cultures, in 

 addition to this, we Iiave obtained a second conidia-bearing form with macro- 

 spores, .spermogouia, pycuidia, rhizon.orphic sclerotia, and yeasts. 



These different forms exist also under natural condition as we have been able 

 to observe in 1U04 and I'JOo. In addition, in varied culture media .... 

 we observed anotlier form of reproduction, and jirobably of preservation not 

 previously noted in fungi. To these we have given tlie name of h'ystcs .... 

 These quite new facts .... have been cliecked for four years by numerous 

 cultures varied in every possible sense. Investigations on the fungus of plane 

 tree Anthracnose (Glwosporium nervisequuvi) presents similar evolution pheno- 

 mena and organs of reproduction; likewise, with pea and bean Anthracnose 

 (Glo'osporiuin or CoUetotrichuiii lindemuthUniiim). 



A curious feature is that if the mycelium of Anthracnose is placed in 

 liquid medium, containing sugar, it undergoes a radical transformation, 

 changing gradually into a yeast-like, or unicellular sprouting fungus, 

 similar in appearance and develO|pment to ordinary yeast, though of 

 poor fermental power. All these different forms, when inoculated on 

 grapes, reproduce the characteristic lesions of Anthracnose. These 

 numerous transformations have been thoroughly checked by control 

 experiments, which leave no doubt aa to the accuracy of the investiga- 

 tions, and conclusively establish the remarkable polymorphism of the 

 manginia fungus. 



Further consideration of these most interesting transformations must 

 be held over for a future article. The present one must deal mainly 

 with treatment which, to be effectual, should be applied towards the 

 end of the present, or early next, month (July and August). It. will 

 suffice now to state that during the growing period of the vine the fungus 

 is spread by conidia or summer spores, whilst the winter or dormant 

 period is passed in several different ways, viz.. hybernating mycelium, 

 sclerotia, kystes, and various less usual forms ; only a few of these need 

 be considered in the present article. 



First Infection and Spread of the Disease. 

 Conidia or summer spores germinate in water, which is present in the 

 shape of rain or dew di-qps ; without these germination cannot take place. 

 The spore emits a tube which is able to penetrate the cuticle, or outermost 

 covering of the vine. It is only into green or herbaceous tissues that 

 the , fungus can penetrate ; entry having been effected, the mycelium 

 spreads in the surrounding tissues, which are disorganized, thus bring- 

 ing about the formation of the scars characteristic of the disease. 

 Development is rapid whilst the tissues are still green,- and if weather 

 conditions are favorable to the fungus, leading to wholesale destruction 

 of shoots, and especially of embryo bunches already described. As the 

 cane ripens the activity of the fungus lessens. The vine is also able to 

 set up obstacles to its spread in the shape of layers of corky tissue 

 wiiick, if weather conditions become unsuitable for fungus growth, may 

 sutdfeed in isolating the infested parts from healthy tissue. Once the 



