10 Oct., 1917.] Evaporation of Apples. 6(t7 



In the plan here given^ the conveyors from the work table deliver 

 both applos and waste upstairs. In case peels and cores arc to be dis- 

 carded or used for stock feed without being pressed for vinegar, the plan 

 can easily be inodifiod by extending the waste conveyor so that it delivers 

 at any dcsircd point outside the building. 



Plants of Largkb Capacity. 



Figures XI. to XV. ipresent plans of a model eight-kiln plant, having 

 an approximate daily capacity of <S00 bushels, or a total capacity of 

 40,000 to 48,000 bushels for a season of 50 to 60 days. Only the excep- 

 tional individual or community will have need for a plant of such 

 capacity, and the i)lans are purposely generalized in order that they may 

 be easily modified to make them suit individual needs. It may be pointed 

 out that the building is as compact as it is possible to make it, hence cost 

 of construction will be minimum, and that labour-saving machinery 

 driven by power replaces hand labour wherever possible. The eight 

 kilns are so arranged tliat free movement of air into each of them from 

 any point of the compass is possible, which is not the case when kilns 

 are arranged side by side in a long row of six or eight. The full ex- 

 planations accompanying the drawings, with the descriptions of smaller 

 plants which precede, make detailed description unnecessary. 



{To he continued.) 



Since the introduction of pure cultures of nodule bacteria for soil 

 inoculation by Nobbe and Hiltner in 1895, a vast number of field experi- 

 ments has been carried out in different countries and with a great 

 variety of inoculating material. 



The results of such experimental work were in the first instance most 

 discouraging, and it is only within the last few years that the conditions 

 determining success or failure have been adequately recognised. During 

 this time the relations existing between the host plant and the nodule 

 organism and between the organism and artificial media used for cultiva- 

 tion in the laboratory have been studied in detail, and in the light of 

 these investigations it is not surprising that failure attended much of 

 the preliminary and often haphazard field work. Experience has shown 

 that it is not sufficient to have a pure and active culture in order to 

 attain success in soil inoculation, but that the soil itself shall be suitable 

 for the growth and continued existence of the introduced organism, and 

 that the supply of mineral nutrients shall not be the limiting factor in 

 the growth of the plant. Liming has Ijeen required in many cases, 

 and with a projjer recognition of the now known essential conditions, 

 the number of successful cases of inoculation trials has steadily in- 

 creased during recent years. 



Comparative work with pure cultures and inoculation by means of 

 soil which has previously carried a specified leguminous crop have shown 

 in the majority of cases the superiority of the latter, and cultivation 

 in the laboratory has latterly included the use of soil media or soil 

 itself, since the organism appears to retain its power of infection to a 

 greater extent in this than in other media. 



