622 Journal of Agriculture, Victoria. [10 Oct., 1917. 



Ill these experiments there were five lots of calves, consisting of 

 four calves in each lot. Tlie foods fed were as follows: — 



Lot I. Separated milk and Cod Liver Oil. 



„ 11. Separated milk and a purchased " Calf Meal." 



,, ///. Separated milk with a gruel made of Linseed and Oatmeal. 



„ [V. Whole milk. 



„ V. Separated Milk and Crushed Oats. 



The report states: "It is of importance to note that the crushed 

 pats were always given dr//. and never mixed up with the milk or 

 made into a gruel." 



That the feeding of starchy meals to calves in the dri/ state is 

 very satisfactory under English conditions also is proved by the results 

 obtained in these Woburn experiments, which were as follows: — 



Average Gain p^r Head Averai^e Cost per lb. 



Lots. daily in lbs. of Increase. 



/. .. i 90 .. 3-33d. 



//. .. 1-75 .. 2-77d. 



III. .. 1-57 .. 3-45d. 



IV. .. 200 .. 5-39d. 

 r. .. 219 2-.'52d. 



Experiments carried out in Italy* at the Royal Agricultural 

 College, Milan, during the years 1905-11, with 116 calves fed with 

 margarine emulsified in seiparated milk and starch treated with a 

 ferment (a) diatoline extracted from malt, or (h) levuline (used by 

 bakers for bread -making in Italy), have given excellent results, but the 

 calves were fed for veal, and the after-influence consequently could not 

 be gauged. Still it points to the possibility of using margarine, 

 which, in bulk, may be obtained from 50s. to 60s. per cwt. It, however, 

 requires some considerable amount of preparation; an eniulsifier must 

 be used to thoroughly disseminate the melted margarine throughout 

 the separated milk. 



The simplest solution of making up the separated milk in 

 fat contents seems to lie in the employment of a suitable animal 

 or vegetable oil which can be easily mixed with the separated milk, 

 and obtained at a price of not more than 5s. or 6s per gallon. 

 The cotton seed oil which gave such good results in the Aberdeen experi- 

 ments costs 2s. 7d. per gallon, and it was pointed out that its use was 

 accomipanied by no ill effects. It may be noted also that it is largely 

 used for food purposes for human consumption at the present time. 



It is very important in using cod liver oil to see that it is fresh 

 and not rancid, as there have been cases of mortality when rancid oil 

 has been fed to calves. 



In the Kansast experiments above referred to. tests were carried 

 out with milk siihsiitii/e^, entirely replacing the whole milk, such as — 



(a) Butter-milk, with Kafiir corn and whole maize fed dry, the 

 calves were fed for eighteen weeks, ten calves on separated milk and 

 corn and ten on butter-milk and com. 



The butter-milk calves increased on an average 1.79 lbs. daily and 

 the separated-milk calves increased on an average 2.02 lbs. daily. 



Although the butter-milk did not give such good -results as the 

 separated milk, yet the gains are very satisfactory and point distinctly 

 to the advisability of using butter-milk in the absence of separated 

 milk, and where the former is ,produced at home or somewhere in the 

 neighbourhood. It would appear from the experiments that the butter- 

 milk was craduallv introduced to displace whole milk when the calves 



• Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural Intelligence and Plant Diseases, August, 1913. 

 t Bulletin No. 126, May, 1904, Kansas State Agricultural College. 



