10 Oct., 1917.] Hearing of Calves on Suhditutes for aMUI-, ii-c. 623 



were three or four weeks old, by substituting 1 lb. at. a time, as, ^vas 

 the case with the separated milk. 



(h) WiiEV. — Whey, unlike s(>]);iriit('d milk, is not whole milk minus 

 tiie fat only but minus the casein as well. 



Whey was introduced gradually with calves aged from three to 

 five weeks and a mixture of KafRr corn and sifted oats fed dry, with 

 as much meadow hay as the calves would take. It required two weeks 

 to completely displace the whole milk. One to one-and-a-half gallons 

 of whey were fed daily, but the calves needed watching, and the whey 

 wa» withheld if any tendency to scour showed itself. The grain, how- 

 ever, seemed to counteract this tendency. No records are given aa to 

 the final weights, hut it is remarked that the calves at the end of the 

 experiment looked as well as the average separated milk-fed calves on 

 the farm. One cannot see why cod liver or cotton seed oil added here 

 should not have given even better results. 



(c) Hay Tea. — Made by steeping hay in a copper of water and 

 then boiling for one to two hours until 12 lbs. hay produced 100 lbs. 

 tea. The tea was then fed in quantity similar to separated milk. 

 '■^ lb. of linseed meal was fed after making into a jelly along with the 

 hay tea. Hay was fed ad lib. and KaiSr corn and middlings fed dry. 

 The gains in live weight were less than 1 lb. daily, viz.: .86 lb., and 

 altogether the results showed hay tea to be unsatisfactory. It is a 

 fact, however, that many calves have, in time past, been reared in 

 England with a certain amount of hay tea, but as no statistics of live 

 weight gains are available it is inipossible to say whether they made 

 satisfactory progress. 



The last lot of experiments I wish to call your attention to are 

 those carried out by Cornell University, 1907-1909.* After a satis- 

 factory preliminary experiment with fifteen calves, another set of 

 seventeen calves were divided into three lots. 



Lot I . was fed separated milk and dry grain, the calves were fed 

 all the dry grain they would clean up daily. It was mixed as follows: — 



6 lbs. maize and oats (ground half and half by weight). 

 3 lbs. wheat bran. 

 1 lb. linseed meal. 



Hay was kept before the calves at all times. Both' the hay and grain 

 were weighed daily for each animal and, in addition, each calf was 

 given a tablespoonful of dried blood meal, but no charge has been 

 made for this small amount. It was advertised as preventing scour 

 and seemed to act as a tonic generally. 



Lot II. received separated milk powder. The separated milk 

 powder was simply ordinary separated milk dried by a patent .process 

 and delivered as a fine meal. It cost just over a Id. per lb., and was 

 prepared for feeding by adding 9 lbs. hot water to each 1 lb. powder. 



Lot III. were fed with gruel made from Schumacher Calf Meal. 

 This is a commercial product of the Quaker Oats Com,pany, Chicago, 

 and contains oatmeal, oat germ, wheatmeal, linseed, and condensed milk 

 and cost l^^d. per lb. This was fed as follows: Ten days to a fortnight 

 old, whole milk: then two tablespoonfuls of meal to 1 pint boiling 

 water, and 2 quarts milk were given night and morning. The meal 

 was gradually increased, until, at the end of fourteen days, the calf 

 received at each meal 1 quart whole milk, | quart of meal mixed with 



• Pjlletin No. 2fl9— Substitutes for Skim Milk in Raising Calves, July, 1909, Cornell Unii-crsity— 

 Dejiartnient of Agriculture. 



