10 Nov., 1917.] 



Evaporation of Apples. 



673 



is generally used for the first circuit of the walls, while 8-in. pipe may 

 be used for the remainder of the sy.-ti-m. Wires, or light chains, are 

 used to suspend the pipe from the joists of the kiln floor. 



In order to prevent overheating of the area immediately above the 

 furnace, a deflector is employed. Tliis may be simply a slaeet of iron 

 having the same dimensions as the furnace and spiked to the lower edge 

 of the joists. A better plan is to cut and fold the edges of the sheet so 

 as to give it the form of a low, flat inverted hopper, and to suspend it 

 by means of chains, so that it may be raised or lowered with the changes 

 in the temperature at which the kiln is being operated. 





Fig. XVII.- 



-Sectional End View of BuUding, showing Jacket-and-Hopper 

 Construction. 



F., furnace, enclosed by jacketing wall, upon wliich base of hopper rests. H.C., 

 coils of piping. K.F., kilii flue. Paring table anil elevators for apples and waste, 

 position of bleacher, and location of shafting are also indicated, as is the con- 

 struction of the ventilator. 



The efficiency of the furnace may be very considerably increased, and 

 the expense of piping materially reduced, by the adoption of the " jacket- 

 and-hopper " plan of construction in the furnace rooms. In this plan 

 of construction the furnace is enclosed, at a distance of 12 or IS inches 

 from its walls, by a wall of stone, brick, or concrete, which rises to a 

 height of about 6 feet, thus forming a rectangular box inside which the 

 furnace stands. Each wall of this structure has at its middle an opening, 

 3 feet in length by IS inches in height, placed 6 inches above the floor 

 level, and at the front of the furnace, there is a large sheet iron door 



13.587.— 2 



