734 Journal of Agriculture. Victoria. [10 Dec, 1917. 



EVAPORATION OF APPLES.* 



By J. S. Caldwell. Fruit By-Prodiirts Specialist, State College of 

 Washington AgricuUural E.vperiment Station. 



{ Continued from ]n\gij (i84. 1 



The Carson-Snyder " AINpurpose " Evaporator. 



Ill some of the smaller '' box " evaporators in household use thirty 

 years ago, the fruit was spread on a series of trays, aud a current of warm 

 ' air was driven horizontally across each tray from one side, escaping at 

 the other, instead of being forced vertically upward through the entire 

 series, as is the case in the tunnel evaporator. This principle was first 

 applied to the construction of a commercial evaporator in a patented 

 machine called the Charlotte evaporator, and was later used in the 

 Carson evaporator. This evaporator consisted essentially of two tunnel- 

 like chambers, one on either side of a central hot-air chamber, which was 

 situated directly over a furnace. Trays were pushed into these chambers 

 along runways, as is the case in the tunnels, but the cleats forming the 

 runways Avere so arranged that the trays were several inches lower at 

 the side next the central warm-air chamber. Slits in the wall admitted 

 the hot air at the inner side of the trays, it passed horizontally over the 

 trays to the opposite edge, and escaped through a second series of slits 

 into a ventilating shaft. Professor U. P. Hedrick describes and figures 

 such an evaporator in a publication to which reference has already been 

 made, stating that it was, in 1897, the niost generally used type of 

 evaporator employed in drying prunes in the State. The reports of the 

 Oregon State Board of Horticulture at about this time contain incidental 

 references to the Carson evaporator as an efficient and satisfactory prune 

 drier, but it seems to have gone out of itse, and the writer has not been 

 able to locate a Carson evaporator which is now in operation. 



Mr. D. A. Snyder, of the Dayton Evaporating and Packing Com- 

 pany, Dayton, Oregon, is an exceptionally successful evaporator of some 

 35 years' experience, and operates a large plant, in which he dries not 

 only apples, prunes, and berries, but also a wide variety of vegetables. 

 While some of the basic principles employed in the construction of his 

 drier are identical with those of the Carson evaporator, Mr. Snyder 

 worked them out independently, and, as a result of years of study and 

 experimentation, he has devised so many improvements upon Carson's 

 plan, and has so increased both the efficiency and the economy of 

 operation of his plant, that he deserves chief credit for the development 

 of what I shall call the Carson-Snyder " All-purpose " evaporator. 



Mr. Snyder's plant has two independent drying units, each with its 

 own heating system. Each of these units is two stories in height, aud as 

 the construction and arrangement of these differ materially, they must 

 be separately described. The lower story of each unit has a central hot- 

 air chamber, situated directly over the furnace. This chamber is without 

 a floor, and is wanned by heated air rising from the furnace room below 

 it. This hot-air chamber is 18 feet in length, 7 in height, 7 in width at 



• Reprinted from a Bulletin issued by tiie State College of Washington Agricultural Experiment 

 Station. 



