10 Dec, 1917.] Evaporation of Apples. 741 



illustrations show the general plan of all such machines in that there are 

 three forks; an apple is cored and discharged from one of these while 

 that upon a second fork is being ]icelpd, the operator meanwhile placing 

 the fruit upon the third. While tlie claim is made by some makers that 

 their machines have trimming attachments which make hand trimming 

 unnecessary, it must be said that the writer has seen no macliine which 

 can do more than reduce the work of trimming by one-half when work- 

 ing with good fruit, or by, perhaps, one-third wlicn small, irregular 

 apples are being peeled. 



There are a number of good machines to be operated by hand ; nearly 

 every maker of evaporating machinery in the list given below makes a 

 machine which has been proven satisfactory. 



Slicers. 



Several power slicers, among which may be mentioned the BoutcU, 

 the " Rochester," the " Ontario," the Evans, and the Goodell, are widely 

 used,- and strongly recomended by users. Such machines are of two 

 types, the under-cut, in which the knives which slice the apple pass be- 

 neath the fruit, and tlie overcut, in which the exact opposite is the case. 

 A defect common to all overcut machines, in so far as the writer is 

 acquainted with them, arises from the fact that the apple is permitted 

 to roll somewhat before the knive>, with the result that some fruits are 

 sliced at oblique angles with the core hole, or even parallel with it, while 

 a larger percentage of slices are broken than is the case in the undercut 

 machines. Most of the comipanics making ipower machines make also 

 smaller machines to be operated by hand power. The illustration repre- 

 sents a good type of undercut power slicer. 



Graders. 



A good grader is a necessity in every evaporator; a larger oiitput per 

 day will be handled by the parers and trimmers if fruit is separated into 

 sizes before paring, and a better price will be obtained for the product if 

 the larger fruits are worked up together, since price depends, to some 

 extent, upon size of rings. Since a grader is likely to be available as a 

 piece of orchard equipment already in hand, no one should attempt to 

 handle apples of all sizes indiscriminately mixed together. 



Other Equipment. 



The construction of a good type of power bleacher has already been 

 discussed. Any large wholesale hardware company can supply gearing, 

 chains, and other metal parts, and the wooden portions may be made 

 by a good carpenter at a considerable saving over the prices charged by 

 the supply companies. The same statement holds true of conveyors, 

 tables, and all the wooden parts of the paring-room equipment; it may 

 be made on the premises, only the shafting, belting, and gearing need be 

 purchased, and the whole installed by any good mechanic. 



The list of companies given below not only manufacture lianil and 

 power parers and slicers, but also manufacture or handle belting for 

 conveyors, castings, and chains for bleachers, and practically everything 



