Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammary Gland. 81 



pound had been used — yet I felt doubts. My misgivings were 

 unfounded. There were not a hundred affected leaves in the 

 field, and although the rooks gave me much trouble, yet I suc- 

 ceeded at much cost of labour in keeping up the fine earth well 

 around the stalks; and my exertions were rewarded* for on digging 

 up the crop in the middle of September (I finished on the 18th) 

 there was not a diseased potato. 



The conclusions from all these observations are : — That the 

 disease is of a fungoid nature, increased in virulency by atmos- 

 pheric causes. That all manures are injurious, saving only lime 

 and salt. That the earliest potatoes in ripening should be 

 exclusively grown. That earthing up repeatedly with fine earth 

 is the only effectual preventive to the ravages of the disease. 



The Elms, Ipplepen, Newton- Abbot. 



III. — Observations on the Anatomy and P/u/sioloyy of the Mam- 

 mary Gland of the Cow, with the Causes injiiieiiciiKi the amount 

 of its Secretion. By James Beart Simonds, Professor ol 

 Cattle Pathology at the Royal Veterinary College. 



The proper management of Dairy Cattle is a subject which 

 deeply interests the major part of the agricultural community, 

 and as such it has led to the publication of the details of various 

 systems, in which we may observe that great discrepancies 

 are found to exist in the opinions of the several authors. 

 Not only is this the case with regard to the treatment of the 

 animals themselves, but an equal difference is to be observed 

 with reference to the kind of animal best calculated for dairy 

 purposes. Much of this is often to be traced to the preconceived 

 notions of the writer, and to the prejudice which obtains in favour 

 of a particular breed in his own locality ; while it is evident 

 that the true value of each individual animal is due not merely 

 to its capability of yielding a large supply of milk, but also to 

 this fluid being rich in the elements of butter, cheese, &c., or in 

 those of the development and growth of the young animal. It is 

 not, however, our province in the following paper to discuss the 

 respective merits of the several dairy systems which })revail, 

 nor the relative value of the Lon2:-horn or Short-horn, the Devon 

 or Hereford, the Ayrshire or Suffolk, the Alderney or Kerry, as 

 milking animals ; but to describe the structure and function of 

 that part of the organism on which the secretion of milk depends, 

 and also the causes which influence — benefit ially or otherwise — 

 the quality as well as the quantity which is produced. 



In directing attention to these divisions ol our subject we may 

 remark that it is our intention to speak, firstly, in general terms 



VOL. XIX, G 



