Horse Labour in France. 495 



£. s. d. 



Pasture 320 7 



Hay and clover (mixed) 246 6 



Oats 174 10 



Beans 131 16 



Oats from field 26 12 



Beans from field 30 15 



Carrots 145 6 



Mangels 3 18 



Amoimting in all to .. .. £1079 10 

 Or IIZ. a-year each. 



Valued at the rates named in Mr. J. C. Morton's paper oa 

 horse-power, the account would stand as follows : — 



£. s. d. 



2300 bnsliels of oats, at 3s 345 



1000 bushels of beans, at 5s 250 



6 acres of oats (50 bushels per acre, at 3s.) .. 45 



6j acres of beans (32 bushels per acre, at 5s.) 52 



18 acres of carrots— 250 tons (?), at 10s. .. 125 



i acre of mangel — 15 tons (?), at 6s. 8rf. . . 5 



Hay — 5 tons per week (?) for 30 weeks, at 3L 450 

 Clover and pasture — 5 tons a-day (.?) for 100 



days, at 10s 250 



In all £1522 



Or more than 15Z. each. 



This latter statement, however, is made in ignorance of the 

 exact daily consumption of the several items specified. The for- 

 mer is given on Mr. Van den Bosch's own authority, and he 

 says, " All the facts and averages mentioned aje drawn up from 

 our bookkeeping." Among other items given to us is 730/. as 

 the annual payment of the ploughmen and their food — a sum 

 evidently much below the annual wages which would in this 

 country be paid to the men working 97 horses, even though 

 for only nine months in the year. It should be added that 

 the figures here stated are descriptive of the period between 

 1841 and 1850. The figures of more recent years have also 

 been supplied to us, but no material change is shown by them 

 to have occurred. 



In addition to these particulars descriptive of the polder, Mr. 

 Van den Bosch has been good enough to give the history of a 

 smaller farm. It consists of 150 acres of arable land, besides 

 permanent pasture, and 7 horses are employed upon it. A 

 20 years' rotation is adopted here also, in which, however, only one 

 year of naked fallow is allowed, and four years pasture are taken 

 in succession at the close of the series. One quarter of the land 

 is thus in grass each year, and there is a remainder of 32 acres 



