On the Management of Breeding Cattle. 513 



during the summer, not from objection to their grazing, but 

 to prevent accidents. On some farms it is more convenient to 

 adopt the latter course, and it is no doubt better that the cows 

 should remain with the bull than be brought up to him at the 

 homestead. 



The high price which some of our principal breeders of short- 

 horns have lately obtained for prize animals for exportation to 

 Australia, the United States of America, Canada, and the Con- 

 tinent of Europe, requires a passing thought. During last 

 autumn I had an opportunity of inquiring of a gentleman, himself 

 an extensive grazier in Australia, how far these high-priced 

 animals repaid their spirited importers : he stated that they 

 were highly profitable, as all trials of pure short-horn bulls, or 

 of crosses with them, had been attended with eminent success. 

 The late Earl Spencer, who was celebrated for his fine herd of 

 cattle, stated his belief, when the free admission of foreign cattle 

 under the late Sir Robert Peel's tariff created such a groundless 

 panic, that a sale of pure breeds for exportation would spring 

 up. It is now patent to all how correct his Lordship's antici- 

 pations have proved. I have myself recently shipped off five 

 heifers in calf to Mr. Hepner of Jan Kowno, near Burnberg, in 

 Prussia ; and he tells me that a lively desire is now showing 

 itself in his country to replace the old breeds with short-horns. 

 That this feeling extends to other parts of the Continent may be 

 fairly presumed, and it will no doubt lead to many profitable 

 transactions. The progress of nations in their habits and tastes 

 may be slow, but that the love of a good joint is spreading upon 

 the Continent is affirmed by many well-informed and highly 

 respectable correspondents, I might furnish some interesting 

 and valuable statements, supplied to me by friends in Canada 

 and the United States to whom I have shipped cattle ; but it 

 will suffice to affirm that they all agree in the utility and 

 success attending the exportation of cattle. Let us hope there- 

 fore that those spirited individuals who embark in this enterprise 

 may live to see their efforts crowned with success. That it 

 will ultimately be so there can be no doubt ; the great facilities 

 of intei'course and the growing wants of people of other nations 

 for better diet must compel them to seek for that which with us 

 is indispensable, though with them a luxury or almost beyond 

 reach. 



The place allotted to the young calves is now changed from 

 close and narrow spaces in a calf-house to large and spacious 

 pens having a fi'ee current of pure air, where they have abundance 

 of room for exercise ; and consequently not one loss ensued during 

 the whole of last winter, while under the old system frequent 



