On the Management of Breeding Cattle. 517 



cially for sheep. It, however, requires little if any consideration 

 to decide where the preference should be shown. The difference 

 may be discovered by the greater amount of mucilage which 

 a given quantity will produce, which may be quickly and easily 

 tested. If a ton of cake contain one-third of bran, it may be 

 readily detected. Crushers are not always at fault ; I have no 

 hesitation in saying that they have, in some instances, received 

 directions from their customers to mix bran in the cake, " as 

 they preferred, its being done, alleging that it made it more 

 free." The temptation, therefore, under which the crusher 

 finds himself does not always spring from self-interest on his 

 part, or self-protection against those who adulterate to a much 

 larger extent, but often from the extensive demand and ready 

 sale for the spurious article. The intelligent farmer will, how- 

 ever, be found testing his sample by the simple method above 

 named, and valuing it by its intrinsic worth, before he makes 

 his purchase. The still greater adulteration practised by some 

 crushers, who gather up everything that can be made to pass as 

 linseed-cake, is one which requires less exposure, for the farmers 

 who purchase such an article must do it with their eyes open, 

 and cannot complain if they have to suffer for their folly. 



I am indebted to a correspondent in whom I have the 

 greatest confidence, for the following information respecting the 

 different qualities of linseed-cake. He states that the finest 

 quality is made as follows : — 300 lbs. of ground linseed are mixed 

 with 28 lbs. of ground nut- cake, 28 lbs. of rape-cake (also ground), 

 and 28 lbs. of coarse bran. The second qualities are made of a 

 small admixture of linseed with a considerable part of the under- 

 mentioned articles ; and the third qualities are made wholly of 

 the last named of the following articles, without any linseed at 

 all:— 



Foreign linseed-cakes, Castor-oilnut cakes, 



Dodder-seed cakes. Rice-husks, 



Poppy-seed cakes. Cotton-seed, cakes, 



African ground-nut cakes, Rape-cakes. 



Sometimes the whole of the above are mixed, and worked 

 together ; but a supply of each is not always on hand ; and some 

 or all, according to circumstances, are introduced to make up the 

 desired quality. 



I am as unwilling as I am unable to attach to the fair and 

 honest manufacturer of linseed-cakes any participation in such 

 practices. He has nothing to fear from exposure, and there- 

 fore the following Table of calculation of the money value of a 

 ton of linseed-cakes, made to suit a cheap customer, will not affect 

 him, but, on the contrary, will prove to consumers what compe- 



