INTRODUCTION. 17 
been kept distinct as early as the time of Avenzoar, 
who flourished at Seville in 980, or even in the time 
of Celsus *4, 
These constitutions, and the privileges of the 
university of Salerno, were confirmed and extended 
by other princes, and were in force in modern times. 
They are the most ancient medical statutes in 
Europe, and are curious in showing the state of the 
medical professions in those early times. When 
fully established, the university consisted of ten 
doctors, of whom the eldest had the title of prior. 
Their common seal bore the image of saint Matthew, 
their patron saint, whose body had been given to 
em by rt Guiscard®, and the inscription of 
Civitas Hiprocraris. Students were admitted to 
the doctorate by the solemn form of having a book 
put into their hands, a ring on their fingers, a crown 
of laurel on their heads, and a kiss on their 
eeks %6, 
The medical science of the Arabians, thus intro- 
duced into Salerno, was in substance that of the 
Greeks, from whom it was derived. In the theory 
4 Freind, Historia Medicine, edit. Paris, p. 253. Le Clere, 
Hist. Med. p. 334. 
* Leo. Ast, lib. iii. cap. xlv. p. 461. 
* Anton. Mazza, cap, ix. Freind, Hist. a. 
Cc 
