INTRODUCTION. 19 
Il, OF ROBERT DUKE OF NORMANDY. 
Such was the situation of the country, and the 
state of medical science at Salerno, when Robert 
duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the 
Conqueror, having mortgaged his dukedom for ten 
thousand marks to his brother William Rufus, set 
out upon his expedition to Palestine. This army of 
the crusaders, which consisted of Britons, Normans, 
and French, was conducted principally by Hugh the 
Great count of Vermandois, the duke of Normandy, 
Robert count of Flanders, Stephen count of Chartres 
and Blois, Eustace count of Bologne, and Odo 
bishop of Bayeux. Whilst Godfrey of Bouillon with 
bis companions marched through Hungary, this di- 
vision left France, in September 1096, and crossed 
the Alps into Italy. At Lucca they received the 
benediction of the pope, visited the tombs of the 
apostles at Rome, and repaired to Salerno, the 
rt 
family. Ruggiero, the duke, had married Adela, 
Robert’s first cousin, the daughter of Robert le 
Frison, who was brother to Matilda, the wife of 
William the Conqueror. The season was too far 
advanced to proceed safely by sea to the coast of 
