^0 Appendix. 



' It is also a question, whicli is worth considering, as to whether, on cold days which 

 are certainly trying to the insects, warmed areas might not be utilised for attracting 

 thp insects so that they might be destroyed. These warmed areas might easily and safely 

 be made by means of fire bricks or hot sand, each warmed area being covered with rags, 

 and in this way regular traps constructed.' — {Translated from Dr. Taschenherg' s 

 " Naturgeschichte der Wirbellosen Thiere,^' po-g^ 63, Leipzig, 1863.) 



Calandra (SitopMlus) granaria. — ' This pest has been introduced from the East, and 

 requires a more uniform or a higher temperature than do native species of Germany ; 

 hence, at least in Germany, it is not found in the open but in granaries and other closed 

 spaces, where the larvae devour rye, wheat, and maize.' 



Calandra oryzm, Linn. — ' This weevil has a similar life history to C. granaria ; it is 

 found in rice, but also attacks other grain, as in the year 1847, in Wurtemberg, when it 

 was observed in maize, wheat, and barley, having been probably introduced from Egypt.' 



Dr. Taschenberg adds an account of both species which, however, does not appear to 

 contain any fresh observation. — {Translated from Dr. E. L. Taschenberg' s " Praktische, 

 insektenkunde" — Bremen, 1879, Vol. II, page 172.) 



' A high, airy, light building, careful cleansing of the granary floor, the filling up of all 

 crannies and cracks with lime, the removal of all old grain that has accumulated even in 

 very small quantities in the corners ; constantly turning over the grain, especially in the 

 sprinsr and in July, will obviate, or at least lessen, the damage done by Sitophiius granarius. 

 — Drying the grain in small quantities in an oven, kept at a temperature of 41° R. 

 (about 125° F.), is a sure method of destroying the larva and pupa of this beetle, as also of 

 the grain moth {Oelechia eerealella), though it is not easily applicable to large quantities 

 (if grain.' 



' Attacked grain should be removed as soon as possible from the granary floor, or should 

 be ground up into meal'; in which case, however, the meal must be used as soon as possible, 

 as it does not keep well.' Translated from Oustav Kiinstler's work " Die unseren 

 kulturpflanzeti Schddlichen insekten." Published by the K. K. Zool. Pot. Gesellschaft 

 Wien, 1871. Kiinstler also gives an account of the insect which, however, does not appear 

 to contain anything new. 



' In attacked grain no external sign is to be seen, but on putting one's hand into the 

 heap, one feels that it is distinctly warm.' \n account of Calandra granarius is also given, 

 which, however, does not seem to contain anything new. — {Translated from SchmidtgobeV s 

 toork " Die Schddlichen und niitzlichen Insecten in Forst Feld und Garten" Vienna, 

 1881, p. 173.) _^______ 



Damian Kompfe in his " Naturgeschichflicke Aufsatze Uber Freunde iind Feinde 

 der Landioirthschafi^' Leipzig and Mainz, 1879, p. 108, says that the development 

 of C. granaria, from egg to perfect insect, can be gone through in four weeks. Recom- 

 mends using an infested granary for hay only, for a year, when, he says, it will be found to 

 be free from the pest, or even simply cleaning it out and filling it up with new hay between 

 the hay and wheat harvests, he says, is effective. He recommends smearing the beams and 

 wood-work of the granary with coal tar, or even merely painting loose beams with it, and 

 scattering them over the floor to drive out the insects from their retreats. 



'Herr Grimm notes iha,i Calandra {Sitophiius) granaria, Linn., does great damage 

 to the grain upon the fields, in the government of Saratow. This, however, requires 



