PREFACE. 7 



Grote, Leconte, Horn, Hagen, Chambers, Howard, Cook, 

 Uliler, Cresson, Fernald, Kellicott, Willet, Bethune, Pettit, 

 Rogers, Reed, Fletcher, Harrington, and others have been 

 made tributary ; and in some instances, where the insect 

 referred to has not been the subject of personal observation, 

 tlie words of the author drawn from have to some extent 

 been used, modified so as to bring them into harmony with 

 the general aim of this work. To the writings of C. V. 

 Riley, of Washington, the author is especially indebted ; his 

 Missouri Reports and subsequent entomological reports in 

 connection with the Department of Agriculture at Washington 

 have been found invaluable. 



The material contained in the chapter on orange insects 

 has been derived mainly from the excellent report of J. H. 

 Oomstock as Entomologist to the U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture for tiie year 1880, and from his subsequent 

 writings; from a paper on the parasites which attack scale- 

 insects, by L. O. Howard, in the same report; also from 

 the writings of Townend Glover and C. V. Riley, from a 

 treatise on orange insects, by William H. Ash mead, from a 

 pamphlet on insects injurious to fruit-trees in California, by 

 Matthew Cooke, and from the writings of Dr. S. V. Chapiu 

 and others in the first report of the Board of State Agricul- 

 tural Commissioners of California. 



To J. A. Lintner, State Entomologist of New York, the 

 author is under much obligation for his kindly aid in revising 

 the nomenclature. An acknowledgment is also due to the 

 following specialists, who have revised lists submitted to 

 them of the names of insects in their departments : Dr. 

 George H. Horn, E. T. Cresson, A. R. Grote, P. Uhler, J. 

 H. Comstock, and L. O. Howard. 



